420 NOTES. 



iZeitsclirift fur iviss. Zooloijie, 1877, v. 27). The recent treatise by 

 X'agenstecher, Vvhcr die Tkiere der Tiefe}i,s\so contains a list of blind 

 as well as other deep-sea animals, though in a, somewhat different 

 arrangement from that which I have given here. 



JVote 20, page 82. The following animals, furnished with well-deve- 

 loped eves, live in caves: Macliferitcs, 1 species (Coleoptera) ; Antho- 

 viyia, Phm'a (Diptera) ; ITadeiirrnis, 2 species (Orlhoptera) ; Sjnroiiriq}- 

 tiin, several species in caves (Jlyriapoda) ; Ncstimis, 2 species ; Liny- 

 pMn, 3 species (Spiders in the Kentucky caves). Animals having only 

 rudimentary eyes must be partly included here, A Melania having eyes 

 I myself found in a cave in the Pelew Isles, and in the same spot was 

 a gTasshopper that could see. Also among fishes, Cholodaster Agasaiiii 

 (in Kentuclcy), Vridivti Cramrrl (in subterranean lakes in Austria, 

 according to Schmarda, Gi-o{i. der Tltiere, i. 13). In the caves of Utah 

 (according to Packard, Bulhtiii K. S. Gcol. and Geog. Survey, lii. 

 1877), a Phalangium — 7\'"r/;;a.sitfmfl troglodytes — with eyes; a Univalve, 

 Hyalina suhritjncula ; and a Podurida, ^J'omoccrtis pluni-bcif s,equsiUy with 

 eyes, are associated with a blind Myriapod, Polydesmus caricola. Fries 

 states that the blind Gainmaru.'i ptitea/ius of the Falkenstein caves 

 sometimes quits the regions of absolute darkness. 



jVote 21, 2"'ff^ 84. IMany creatures furnished with well-constructed 

 eyes live associated with the actually blind species which have been 

 partly enumerated above. An attempt to account for this apparent 

 contradiction is mentioned in the text. Of the very considerable num- 

 ber of such denizens of the darkness which nevertheless can see, I will 

 particularly mention the following : Bathytroctes, a, new genus named 

 by Gunther, 675 to 1,090 fathoms ; Bath/lagus, 1,050-2,040 fathoms ; 

 Platytrootes, 1,500 fathoms; Cldoroplithalnms graeilis, 1,100-1,450 

 fathoms — all forms of Fishes discovered during the ' Challenger ' expe- 

 dition. Besides these, among Fishes, Miieriirus and Haloianriis, 1,375- 

 1,C00 (Willemoes-Suhm, ChaUenrier-Briefe) ; among mollusca. Chiton 

 and Patella, 1,075 fathoms (Willemoes), Pleurotovia, n. species, 2,090 

 fathoms, and Fusus sp., 1,207 fathoms (Thomson, Beptlis of tlie Sea, 

 p. 465) ; Crustacea, a Palimirvs in 700 fathoms ; a Kepkrops and an 

 ^i «y^/tio«, between 1,875 and 3,125 fathoms. Various crabs, Galatlica, 

 Calappa ; Isopoda, Serolis ; Macroura, Penadda?, Carididce. Batky- 

 nomus gigantens (M. Edw.), a gigantic Isopod 23 centimetres long, 

 having large eyes, each with 4,000 facets, and others. It is impossible 

 here to give a complete list, nor is it within the purpose of this work. 

 Other deep-sea forms have rudimentary eyes, as, for instance, Aphyoinis 

 gelatiiiosns, 1,500 fathoms ; Typkloniis nams, 2,150 fathoms, from N.E. 

 Australia, &c. 



Note 22, page 85. Phosphorescent creatures are extremely common on 

 the surface of the sea, as is well known. They belong to the most 

 various classes, but are for the most part invertebrate animals. Infusoria, 



