NOTES. 435 



Nilsson found an Anodonta on the sea-shore in Sweden and Norway. 



Iferitina viridis in the sea, in 3-10 fathoms, and in estuaries in the 

 West Indies. 



Jferiliiia matonia (Risso) at Nice. 



There are many brackish and salt water species among the Nentiiice, 

 and several of them are highly characteristic of their habitat. I my- 

 self found not less than 16 or 17 species in the Philippines. In pure 

 salt water (3-4 per cent.) I found Neiitina Mortoniana, pnlolwUa, and 

 panaensis new sp., all belonging to the same group. In brackish 

 water, or in spots bathed by salt and fresh water alternately, were 

 the following : N. Mortoniana, paradoxa (new sp., oassioii'um ; then 

 miauriculata and four allied species; in the mangrove swamps, N. 

 communis, zicznc, and a few other species, and finally, in the same 

 locality, but exclusively on the trees, N. dmbia, oornea, and misulcata. 



Melanopsis costata, in the Dead Sea (Schmarda, Geog. der Tldere, 

 i. p. 53). 



Rissoa idvo!, a Uijdn-oMa, in slightly salt water or in very salt water. 



VcHehrata. 



Gantcrosteus acuUatus \ ^ ic „f 'K\e\ 



Anguilla fluviatilis / 



In the brackish water of the I'altic Archipelago, according to 

 Eokstrom, the following fresh-water lishes are found living : 



Coitus ffobio. Lota vulgaris, Gnstcrosteus, Acenna, Lvcioporca, and 

 thirteen Cyprinidas. 



Eichwald found the following fishes in the Caspian Sea : Cyprimis, 

 Esox, Perca, Z/iicioperca, audi Coiiiis, associated with true marine species 

 - Chipea, Syngnatlms, GoKus. 



If we regard the Crocodile as a typical fresh- water animal, we must 

 mention here that Crocodiles hiiiorcatus of the eastern hemisphere, 

 and an American species, according to Humboldt, live in the sea. Ambly- 

 rhijnchiis atcr is also a marine reptile. 



The mammalia and birds that live in the sea can scarcely be in- 

 cluded under this head, and an enumeration of them would be super- 

 fluous, as they are very generally known. 



Note hi, page 146. All sea-snakes axe viviparous. The females retire 

 to hollows in the rooks in low islands where the young are bom, and 

 they do not immediate! j' abandon them, though it is not known how long 

 they remain with them. I found once on the east coast of Mindanao 

 an enormous female, apparently of Platurus fasciattis, lying quietly 

 curled up between limestone cliffs, and among its rings and partly on 

 its body lay at least twenty young ones which already measured, as I 

 should estimate, more than two feet in length. It was by the narrowest 

 chance that in climbing over the cliffs I did not walk into this nest of 



