CH. vm CBABACTEBI8TICS OF SANGIB ISLANDS 193 



of the natives, the Sangirese obtained for many years an 

 evil reputation. In 1563 or 1568, the Portuguese priest 

 P. Diogo Magalhaens was sent to Manado by Pedro 

 Mascarenhas, Bishop of Temate. He found the natires 

 of Manado a warHke people, and the terror of the district. 

 From Manado he went to Siauw, where he baptized the 

 rajah and six thousand warriors. From Siauw he went to 

 Sangir, where he baptized the ting and queen of Kalongan 

 and raised a large wooden cross. 



At the beginning of the seventeenth century there was 

 trouble between the Dutch and the Spaniards at Siauw. 

 The brave and famous Kaitsjil Ah, admiral of the fleet 

 of the Sultan of Ternate, rendered valuable aid to the 

 Dutch against the Spaniards. In 1614 the combined forces 

 of the Ternatees and the Dutch drove the Spaniards out of 

 Siauw, but the natives fled into the forests, because they 

 could not remain as Christians under the Ternatees. Two 

 years later there seems to have been an attack upon the 

 natives by the Dutch, when many of them were barbar- 

 ously murdered and others captured (74). 



In the year 1646 Governor Seroyen placed a garrison 

 in Tagulandang, and commanded the natives to plant 

 cloves ; but the trees were destroyed in 1653 by order of 

 the Governor of the ^Moluccas (54) . The final act by which 

 Siauw was made over to the Dutch by King Amsterdam of 

 Ternate was signed on November 2, 1677. 



The Sangirese people are divided into nobles (papung or 

 hangsa), free men {kawana) and slaves (lang). The nobles 

 are again divided into the papung tiiioas, the children or 

 grandchildren of rajahs lawfully begotten by their wives of 

 royal blood ; the papung heka, the illegitimate children of 

 rajahs by slaves ; papung timbang, the children of the 

 papung heka by slaves ; and the bubatos, or chiefs of lower 

 rank (14). The upper classes have no special privi- 



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