824 A NATUBALIST IN CELEBES ch. xiii 



surrender to the queen of Bolang, who reigned in Minahassa 

 as the deputy of her husband (79). 



It is not yet known for certain when the Portuguese 

 first discovered the ' Pulah Salebih/ or ' Many Islands,' but, 

 as mentioned above, in the year 1563 Mascarenhas sent a 

 priest from Ternate, named P. Diogo Magalhaens, to preach 

 Christianity to the people of Manado. He says that the 

 Manadeese were a brave and warlike people and a terror in 

 the neighbourhood ; but his remarks probably apply, not 

 to the Manado people, but to the Bantiks, who formed at the 

 time a large and powerful tribe. 



From Manado Magalhaens went to Siauw, and for nearly 

 a century afterwards the pioneers of civilisation and Chris- 

 tianity devoted their best energies to the chain of islands 

 extending from Mindanao to Tagulandang, partly because 

 they are on the direct route from the Philippines to the 

 Moluccas or Spice Islands, and partly because the natives 

 offered less combined resistance to their encroachments. 



The Portuguese were succeeded in these waters by the 

 Spaniards, and there seems to be no doubt that for a time 

 at least part of the eastern peninsula was under the yoke 

 of Castile. 



The Dutchmen appeared upon the scene for the first 

 time in 1655. They established themselves in a stone 

 fortress they built at Manado. They soon drove out the 

 Spaniards, and by the help of the famous Amsterdam 

 Sultan of Ternate they, in the year 1677, defeated and 

 routed the king of Bolang Mongondu. 



From that time the power of the Dutchmen and the ex- 

 tent of their dominion gradually increased. They could 

 soon reckon upon over 4,000 fighting men from Manado, 

 Klabat, Tomohon and Kakas, and numerous kingdoms of 

 the Tomini Bay and north coast came under the dominion 

 nominally of the Sultan of Ternate, but actually of the Dutch. 



