428 UTRICULARIA VULGARIS. Cuar. XVIL 
and more horizontal pair; the four together forming 
a perfect quadrifid. A trace of the primary division 
between the two cells on the summits of the papilla can 
still be seen between the bases of the longer processes. 
The development of the quadrifids is very liable to 
be arrested. I have seen a bladder ~, of an inch 
in length including only primordial papille; and 
another bladder, about half its full size, with the 
quadrifids in an early stage of development. 
As far as I could make out, the bifid processes are 
developed in the same manner as the quadrifids, 
excepting that the two primary terminal cells never 
become divided, and only increase in length. The 
glands on the valve and collar appear at so early an 
age that I could not trace their development; but 
we may reasonably suspect that they are developed 
from papille like those on the outside of the bladder, 
but with their terminal cells not divided into two. 
The two segments forming the pedicels of the glands 
probably answer to the conical protuberance and short 
footstalk of the quadrifid and bifid processes. I am 
strengthened in the belief that the glands are de- 
veloped from papille like those on the outside of the 
bladders, from the fact that in Utricularia amethystina 
the glands extend along the whole ventral surface 
of the bladder close to the footstalk. 
UTRICULARIA VULGARIS. 
Living plants from Yorkshire were sent me by Dr. Hooker. 
This species differs from the last in the stems and leaves being 
thicker or coarser; their divisions form a more acute angle 
with one another; the notches on the Jeaves bear three or 
four short bristles instead of one; and the bladders are twice 
as large, or about 3 of an inch (5°08 mm.) in diameter. In 
all essential respects the bladders resemble those of Uti iculariu 
neglecta, but the siaes of the peristome are perhaps a little more 
