188 ACTION OF SALTS. 
ANTISEPTIC AND GERMICIDAL VALUE OF VARIOUS SALTS, 
ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. 
Alwm.—Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 222 (Miquel). 
Aluminum Acetate.—According to De la Croix, this salt is an 
antiseptic in the proportion of 1:6,310, Kuhn found it to be anti- 
septic in 1 :5,250. 
Aluminum Chloride.—Antiseptic in the proportion of 1: 714 
(Miquel). 
Ammonium Carbonate.—When present in the proportion of 
1:125 it restrains the development of typhoid bacilli, and in five 
hours’ time it kills these bacilli in the proportion of 1:100; the 
cholera spirillum is killed in the same time by 1 : 77 (Kitasato). 
Ammonium Chloride.—Antiseptic in the proportion of 1:9 
(Miquel). A five-per-cent solution does not kill anthrax spores in 
twenty-five days (Koch). 
Ammonium Fluosilicate.—The bacillus of anthrax and of ty- 
phoid fever fail to grow in nutrient gelatin containing 1 : 1,000, and 
a two-per-cent solution kills anthrax spores in one-quarter to three- 
quarters of an hour (Faktor). 
Ammonium Sulphate.—Antiseptic in the proportion of 1:4 
(Miquel). A five-per-cent solution failed in two days to kill an- 
thrax spores, but was effective in five days (Koch). 
Barium Chloride is an antiseptic in the proportion of 1:10 
(Miquel). 
Calctum Chloride is an antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 25 
(Miquel). A saturated solution does not destroy anthrax spores 
(Koch). 
Calcium Hypochlorite.—This is a powerful germicidal agent 
and has great value as a practical disinfectant. Good chloride of 
lime contains from twenty-five to thirty per cent of available chlo- 
rine as hypochlorite. The experiments made by the Committee on 
Disinfectants of the American Public Health Association in 1885 
showed that a solution containing 0.25 per cent of chlorine as hypo- 
chlorite is an effective germicide, even when allowed to act only 
for one or two minutes. In Bolton’s experiments a solution of chlo- 
ride of lime of 1:2,000 (available chlorine 0.015) destroyed the ty- 
phoid bacillus and the cholera spirillum in two hours. For the de- 
struction of anthrax spores a one-per-cent solution was required 
(available chlorine 0.3 per cent). Nissen found that the typhoid 
bacillus and the cholera spirillum are destroyed with certainty in 
five minutes by a solution containing 0.12 per cent, anthrax bacilli 
in one minute by 0.1 per cent, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus in 
one minute by 0.2 per cent, anthrax spores in thirty minutes by a 
