ACTION OF SALTS. 189 
five-per-cent solution and in seventy minutes by a one-per-cent solu- 
tion. Experiments made by the same author upon the sterilization 
of faeces showed that 0.5 per cent to one per cent could be relied upon 
to destroy the typhoid bacillus or the cholera spirillum in faeces in 
ten minutes, 
Chloral Hydrate.—Antiseptic in the proportion of 1:107 (Mi- 
quel). A twenty-per-cent solution destroys pus cocci in two hours 
(Sternberg). 
Cupric Chloride.—Antiseptic in the propertion of 1: 1,428 
(Miquel). 
Cupric Sulphate.—Antiseptic in the proportion of 1:111 (Mi- 
quel). Kills the cholera spirillum in the proportion of 1: 3,000 in 
ten minutes (Nicati and Rietsch). Destroys the cholera spirillum in 
bouillon cultures in less than half an hour in 1: 600, and in four 
hours in 1: 1,000; cultures in blood serum require 1 : 200 (Van Hr- 
mengem). A solution of 1:20 kills the typhoid bacillus in ten min- 
utes (Leitz). This salt failed, in the writer’s experiments, to kill the 
spores of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis in two hours’ time 
in a twenty-per-cent solution. In Koch’s experiments a five-per-cent 
solution failed to kill anthrax spores in ten days. Kills pus micro- 
cocci in two hours in the proportion of 1: 200 (Sternberg). In Bol- 
ton’s experiments made for the Committee on Disinfectants of the 
American Public Health Association the following results were ob- 
tained: Recent cultures in bouillon, time of exposure two hours : Ba- 
cillus of typhoid fever, 1 : 200; cholera spirillum, 1 :500; Bacillus pyo- 
cyanus, 1 :200; Brieger’s bacillus, 1 : 200; Emmerich’s bacillus, 1 : 200; 
Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, 1:100; Staphylococcus pyogenes 
citreus, 1: 100; Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, 1 : 200; Streptococcus 
pyogenes, 1:500. When ten per cent of dried egg albumin was 
added to a recent culture in bouillon of the typhoid bacillus the 
amount required to insure sterilization was 1 : 10. 
In the report of the Committee on Disinfectants of the American 
Public Health Association this agent is recommended in ‘a solu- 
tion of two to five per cent for the destruction of infectious material 
not containing spores.” The experimental data above given show 
that this is a liberal allowance for material which does not contain 
an excessive amount of albumin. In the experiments of Leitz the 
typhoid bacillus in cultures was destroyed in ten minutes by a five- 
per-cent solution. 
‘Ferric Chloride.—A five-per-cent solution failed in two days to 
destroy anthrax spores, but was effective in five days (Koch). 
Ferrous Sulphate.—In the writer’s experiments (1883) a solution 
of twenty per cent failed to destroy micrococci and putrefactive bac- 
teria. In amore recent experiment ten per cent failed to kill pus 
