"284 PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 
677 sheep and 200,962 cattle. The average annual loss before 
these protective inoculations were practised is said to have beén 
about ten per cent for sheep and five per cent for cattle. The total 
mortality from this disease among inoculated animals, including that 
resulting from the inoculations, was 0.94 per cent for sheep and 0.34 
per cent for cattle. Chamberland estimates that the total saving as a 
result of the inoculations practised has been 5,000,000 francs for 
sheep and 2,000,000 frances for cattle. 
Podmolinoff gives the following summary of results obtained in 
1892 and 1893 in the “government of Cherson” (Austria): Number 
of sheep inoculated, 67,176; loss, 294 = 0.43 per cent. Number of 
horses inoculated, 1,452; loss, 8. Number of cattle inoculated, 
3,652; loss, 2. The conclusion is reached that Pasteur’s method of 
inoculation affords an immunity against infection with virulent an- 
thrax bacilli in greater amounts than could ever occur under natu- 
ral conditions. 
BUBONIC PLAGUE. 
A number of prominent bacteriologists have been engaged in re- 
searches relating to the prevention and cure of bubonic plague by 
means of an antitoxic serum, obtained by the same method and in 
accordance with the same fundamental scientific principle as in the 
case of the antitoxic serum which is now so successfully employed in 
the treatment of diphtheria.. The experiments thus far made have 
apparently been attended with a considerable degree of success. Pro- 
fessor Calmette reports that the serum of Yersin prepared at the Pas- 
teur Institute in Paris proved to be curative in a considerable propor- 
tion of the cases treated during the recent outbreak at Oporto, and that 
protective inoculation conferred a temporary immunity, which, how- 
ever, did not last longer than twenty days. The mortality in cases 
not treated by Yersin’s serum was 70 per cent, in those treated with 
it 18 per cent. 
The inoculations made by Haffkine in Bombay appear to have been 
quite successful. In his first experiment 8,142 persons were inocu- 
lated. Of these 18 subsequently contracted the disease and 2 died. 
Among 4,926 persons inoculated a single time at Dharwan, 45 were 
subsequently attacked and 15 died; while among 3,387 persons in 
whom a second inoculation was made, only 2 were attacked. Haff- 
kine uses in his inoculations a sterilized culture of the plague bacil- 
lus. The inoculation is followed by slight fever and enlargement of 
the nearest lymphatic glands. All symptoms disappear at the end 
of two or three days. 
