802 PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 
of the protective value of the inoculations. In view of the great importance 
of this whole subject, I have determined to place these statistics in this report 
for the benefit of the readers of the English language, in order that they may 
judge for themselves of the facts as they appear to be recorded. 
‘‘From the Government statistics of cholera throughout the province of 
Valencia, it appears that among the villages invaded there were 62 attacks 
per one thousand of the population, and 31 deaths per thousand, which gives 
a mortality of 50 per cent of those attacked. It appears from analysis of 
the published official statistics of cholera in 22 towns where inocula- 
tion was performed the inhabitants were divided as follows: 104,561 not 
inoculated ; 30,491 inoculated. Of the latter there were 387 attacks of cholera, 
or 12 per thousand, and 104 deaths, or 3 per thousand ; the mortality of those 
attacked being 25 per cent. Of the former there were 8,406 attacks, 
or 77 per thousand, and 3,512 deaths, or 33 per thousand, being a mortality 
of those attacked of 43 per cent. It appears, therefore, that among 
the population of villages wherein anti-choleraic inoculations had been more 
or less extensively performed the liability of the inoculated to attacks of 
cholera was 6.06 times less than that of the non-inoculated, whilst the liability 
of the inoculated to death by cholera was 9.87 times less than that of the non- 
inoculated. These figures are based exclusively upon the data furnished by 
inoculations, the reinoculations being left out of consideration, because they 
are much less numerous, although from the records of the inoculations it 
would seem that the liability of attack, and especially of death by cholera, is 
many times less among them than among those inoculated a single time. 
‘*The charge has also been made with respect to the published records of 
the inoculations that the hygienic and physical condition of the subjects of 
inoculation have not been sufficiently indicated in the records, and that the 
vast majority of those profiting by the opportunity to receive the anti- 
choleraic inoculations were of the middle and upper classes, and therefore 
not of that class of inhabitants who are notoriously most liable to attack and 
death from cholera. This criticism may have some justness as respects some, 
perhaps many, of the villages where inoculations were performed ; but there 
are certainly many of the villages wherein the results of the inoculation 
seemed to be most positively in favor of the claim of Ferrdn where this 
criticism cannot hold. I refer to villages wherein three-fourths or four- 
fifths of the inhabitants were inoculated, leaving only the fraction of the 
population non-inoculated. Even in the absence of any special notes indi- 
cating the social conditions and hygienic surroundings of the inoculated in 
these villages, it is ridiculous to assume that the vast majority of these were 
people of the middle and upper classes, and were therefore but little liable to 
attack and death by cholera. Any one acquainted with the character of the 
Spanish population as it exists in the rural villages will admit at once that. 
the vast majority of this population consists of the wretched and the poor, 
who live under the most unhygienic and unsalubrious conditions, and there- 
fore are of that class most liable to suffer from cholera. 
‘‘There is still another result of the preventive inoculations of Ferran 
apparently shown by these statistics. I refer to the apparent marked short- 
ening of the course of the epidemic after a large percentage of the inhabitants 
had become inoculated. It would seem, therefore, from analysis of the 
official statistics, that the practice of the anti-choleraic inoculation after the 
method of Ferran, besides giving the subject inoculated a considerable im- 
munity from attack and death by cholera, furnishes a means of bringing an 
epidemic rapidly to an end.” 
With reference to Haffkine’s method of inoculation we cannot do 
better than to quote from a lecture which he gave in London, in 1893: 
‘In the research that I have done at the Pasteur Institute on vaccination 
against Asiatic cholera I have chosen for my starting-point the inoculation 
