308 PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 
‘‘ Further observations are necessary to prove whether the inoculations as 
now practised will prove of lasting benefit ; the results obtained in Gaya jail 
seem to me to justify the conclusion that their temporary beneficial effect is 
undoubted. 
‘‘T have been informed by M. Haffkine that he proposes to introduce a 
certain modification of his method, with the object of affording protection to 
patients during the ten days necessary for the action of his vaccines. I think 
there is every reason to believe that better results would have been obtained 
here had the inoculations been performed at an earlier period instead of dur- 
ing the epidemic.” 
In a paper published in the British Medical Journal (January 26th, 
1895), Haffkine gives the following summary of his inoculations in 
India: 
“TABLE SHOWING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS ON WHOM OB- 
SERVATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE IN CALCUTTA, GAYA, CAWNPORE, 
AND LUCKNOW. 
Percentage Percentage 
Number. Cases. of Cases Deaths. of Deaths 
to Strength. to Strength. 
Non-inoculated ............. 1,735 174 10.63 118 6.51 
Inoculated. ...... 0... 000.0 e. 500 21 4.20 19 3.80 
TO wivcaswascans genes 2,235 195 132 
Other methods of producing immunity in man have been proposed, 
and experiments indicate that this may be accomplished through the 
digestive tract by the ingestion of considerable quantities of steril- 
ized cultures. Thus Klemperer (1892) has obtained results which 
seem to show that immunity in man may be induced, not only by the 
subcutaneous injection of virulent cultures, but also by the subcuta- 
neous injection of the milk of immunized goats and by the ingestion of 
cultures sterilized by heat. The degree of immunity, as determined 
by the activity of the blood serum of the immune individual for the 
protection of guinea-pigs, is considerably less, however, than when 
repeated injections of virulent cultures have been made. The blood 
serum of individuals made immune by the last-mentioned method is 
said by Klemperer to protect guinea-pigs when injected into the cav- 
ity of the abdomen in the dose of 0.005 cubic centimetre. And the 
injection of five cubic centimetres of milk from an immunized goat is 
said to confer such an immunity that 0.25 cubic centimetre of blood 
serum from the immune individual is sufficient to protect a guinea-pig 
from cholera cultures. 
Sawtschenko and Sabolotny (1893), as a result of a series of ex- 
periments made upon themselves and laboratory assistants, arrive at 
the following conclusions: 
