PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 347 
culture of this streptococcus, or to cause the disease to run a chronic 
course, with formation of abscesses and final recovery. 
In this connection we may call attention to the experiments of 
Emmerich (1886), which show that the fatal course of anthrax infec- 
tion, in rabbits, may be arrested by the subcutaneous or intravenous 
injection of this streptococcus. Subsequent experiments by Emmerich 
and de Mattei (1887) showed that eleven hours after such an injection 
the anthrax bacilli were all dead and were already undergoing degen- 
erative changes. 
Emmerich and his associates (1894) have reported numerous addi- 
tional experiments which show that the blood serum of a rabbit which 
is suffering from streptococcus septiceemia (third day), when filtered 
through a Pasteur-Chamberland filter to remove all living cocci, may 
be used with success in arresting anthrax infection in rabbits. The 
filtered serum was given four hours after the anthrax infection in the 
dose of twenty-five cubic centimetres in the peritoneal cavity and fif- 
teen cubic centimetres subcutaneously. This was repeated the fol- 
lowing day at nine o’clock in the morning and five o’clock in the 
evening, and again on the third day inthe morning. Favorable re- 
sults were also obtained by using in the same way blood serum from 
a sheep infected with the streptococcus. 
Cobbett (1894) reports success in immunizing rabbits by means of 
attenuated varieties of the streptococcus or by filtered cultures. Also 
that cutaneous erysipelas, produced by inoculation, after recovery 
leaves the patient immune from a repetition of the local inflammatory 
process as a result of a subsequent inoculation, and also confers a gen- 
eral immunity against streptococcus infection. But this immunity is 
of short duration, not lasting longer than a few weeks. Inoculation 
in the ear of a rabbit, protected by a previous inoculation in the same 
locality, is followed by an inflammatory reaction; but this is of brief 
duration and has disappeared before the erysipelatous inflammation 
produced in a control is well under way. 
SYMPTOMATIC ANTHRAX. 
This disease of cattle is popularly known as “ black leg,” or “ quar- 
ter evil,” and is described by German authors under the name of 
Rauschbrand—French, “charbon symptomatique.” The disease pre- 
vails during the summer months in various parts of Europe, and to 
gome extent in the United States. It is characterized by the appear- 
ance of irregular, emphysematous swellings of the subcutaneous tis- 
sues and muscles, especially over the quarters. The muscles in the 
