390 PYOGENIC BACTERIA. 
other microérganisms. In eighteen cases of otitis media in young 
children Netter found Staphylococcus aureus six times and Strepto- 
coccus pyogenes thirteen times. Scheibe, in eleven cases in which 
perforation had not yet taken place, found Staphylococcus albus in 
two and various other microdrganisms in the remaining cases ; Sta- 
phylococcus aureus was not present in any. Habermann obtained 
aureus associated with other bacteria in a single case of purulent 
otitis media. In a series of eight cases occurring as a sequela of 
influenza Scheibe obtained Streptococcus pyogenes in two, “ diplo- 
coccus pneumonis” in two, Staphylococcus aureus in one, Strepto- 
coccus pyogenes and Staphylococcus albus together in two, and Strep- 
tococcus pyogenes in association with an undescribed micrococcus in 
one. In all of these cases a slender bacillus was also present, as 
shown by microscopical examination, which did not grow in any of 
the culture media employed. Bordoni-Uffreduzzi and Gradenigo 
have tabulated the results obtained by various bacteriologists who 
have examined pus obtained through the previously intact tympanic 
membrane. In thirty-two cases of this character the microérganism 
most frequently found was diplococcus pneumonize (Micrococcus 
pneumoniae croupose of the present writer), which was present in a 
pure culture in thirteen and associated with Staphylococcus aureus 
in one, with Staphylococcus albus in one, and with Streptococcus 
pyogenes in one. In the other sixteen cases the pyogenic cocci were 
present in all but two, in which bacilli were found—Bacillus tenuis 
in one, a non-liquefying bacillus in one. In twenty-seven cases in 
which the pus was withdrawn from one to thirty days after paracen- 
tesis or spontaneous rupture of the membrane, the pyogenic cocci 
were present in twenty and diplococcus pneumoniz in seven. 
In acute nasal catarrh Paulsen found Staphylococcus aureus in 
seven cases out of twenty-four examined, and HK. Frankel in two out of 
four ; but it must be remembered that Von Besser has shown that this 
micrococcus is frequently present in the secretions from the healthy 
nasal mucous membrane, and we have experimental evidence that 
the pus organisms, when introduced into the conjunctival sac of 
rabbits (Widmark), do not give rise to catarrhal inflammation. On 
the other hand, Widmark found that when inoculated into the cornea 
of rabbits an intense conjunctivitis resulted, together with keratitis 
and perforation of the cornea in fifteen per cent of the cases. The 
same author in his bacteriological researches obtained the pyogenic 
staphylococci from the circumscribed abscesses of blepharadenitis, 
while in inflammation of the lacrymal sac Streptococcus pyogenes 
was usually present. 
Shougolowicz,in the bacteriological examination of twenty-six cases 
of trachoma, found Staphylococcus albus in twelve, Staphylococcus 
