PYOGENIC BACTERIA. 391 
aureus in nine, Staphylococcus citreus in three, and Staphylococcus 
cereus albus in three. These pus organisms were in a number of 
the cases associated with other well-known saprophytes, and in seven 
cases a short bacillus not previously described was found. That 
various bacilli are found in the conjunctival sac of healthy eyes 
and in different forms of conjunctivitis has been shown by Fick, 
whose results do not correspond in this respect with those of Gif- 
ford, who found almost exclusively micrococci. Whatever may be 
the final conclusion as to the réle of the pus cocci heretofore de- 
scribed in the etiology of acute or chronic conjunctivitis, there can be 
no doubt of the power of the “‘ gonococcus” to induce a virulent in- 
flammation of the conjunctive when introduced into healthy eyes. 
MICROCOCCUS GONORRH@A. 
Synonym.—Gonococcus (Neisser). 
Discovered by Neisser (1879) in gonorrheeal pus and described by 
him under the name of ‘‘ Gonococcus.” Cultivated by Bumm (1883), 
and infective virulence proved by inocula- 
tion into man. Constantly present in viru- 
lent gonorrhceal discharges, for the most 
part in the interior of the pus cells or at- ce See 
tached to the surface of epithelial cells. @ 
Morphology.—Micrococci, usually join- @ by 
ed in pairs or in groups of four, in which by 
the elements are flattened — “ biscuit- 
shaped.” The flattened surfaces face each a & ® @ @& 
other and are separated, in stained pre- ee” @ ww BWM OW 
parations, by an unstained interspace. Gite (i na, ae - 
The diameter of an associated pair of cells pure euture, % about 1,000: b. gon. 
varies from 0.8 to 1.6 HM in the long dia- cocci in pus cells and epithelial cell 
from case of gonorrhceal ophthzl- 
meter—average about 1.25 m—and from jnia; ¢, formand mode of division 
0.6 to 0.8 «4 in the line of the interspace of gonococci—schematic. (Bumm.) 
between the biscuit-shaped elements, which 
sometimes present a slight concavity of the flattened surfaces. Mul- 
tiplication occurs alternately in two planes, and as a result of this 
groups of four are frequently observed. But diplococci are more 
numerous and are considered as the characteristic mode of grouping. 
Single, spherical, undivided cells are rarely seen. 
It must be remembered that the morphology of this micrococcus 
as above described does not suffice to distinguish it, for Bumm has 
shown that ‘the biscuit form is not at all specific for the gonococcus, 
but is shared with it by a number of microérganisms, which consist 
of two hemispherical elements with the flattened surfaces facing each 
