506 BACILLI WHICH PRODUCE SEPTICAMIA 
volved, as shown by the presence of albumin and tube casts in the 
urine. 
An extremely minute quantity of a bouillon culture injected be- 
neath the skin of a rabbit causes its death in from seven to twelve 
days; a larger quantity may produce a fatal result in five days ; in- 
travenous injections of very small amounts may be fatal within 
forty-eight hours. After a subcutaneous injection the animal re- 
mains in apparent good health for three or four days, after which it 
loses its appetite and is indisposed to move ; several days before 
death the temperature is suddenly elevated from 2° to 3° C., and it 
remains high until the fatal termination. At the autopsy the spleen 
is found to be enlarged and of a dark-red color ; the liver is studded 
with small, yellowish-white, necrotic foci; the kidneys have undez- 
gone parenchymatous changes ; the heart is fatty ; and the intestinal 
mucous membrane is more or less marked with hemorrhagic extra- 
vasations. The bacilli are found in all of the organs. In house 
mice the results of experimental inoculations are similar to those in 
rabbits. Guinea-pigs succumb when inoculated subcutaneously with 
one-tenth cubic centimetre; pigeons require a still larger dose— 
about three-quarters of a cubic centimetre. Swine are killed by the 
intravenous injection of one to two cubic centimetres of a recent 
bouillon culture, but, as a rule, do not succumb to subcutaneous 
injections. Cultures recently obtained from diseased animals are 
more virulent than those which have been propagated for a consider- 
able time in artificial media. 
Smith has described a variety of the hog-cholera bazillus obtained during 
an epidemic in which the disease was of longer duration—about four weeks 
—than is usual, and in which there was commonly found at the autopsy a 
diphtheritic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. This 
bacillus differed from the typical form by being somewhat larger and in 
forming considerably larger colonies in gelatin plates—two or three times 
as large. It also produced a greater opacity in peptonized bouillon, and in 
general showed a more vigorous growth in various nutrient media. It dif- 
fered also in its pathogenic power, as tested upon rabbits, causing death at a 
later date or not at all; and in fatal cases the swelling of the spleen and 
necrotic foci in the liver, produced by the first-described species, were absent. 
Bang (1892) has obtained ‘a bacillus from infected swine in Denmark 
which corresponds with the American hog-cholera bacillus. In chronic 
forms of the disease pneumonia and an extensive diphtheritic process in the 
intestines occurred as a complication. This was found to be due to another 
bacillus, called by Bang ‘‘ vacuole-bacillus.” This produced a fatal pleuro- 
pneumonia when injected into the lungs in pigs. According to Bang, his 
‘‘vacuole-bacillus” is without doubt identical with the swine-plague bacillus 
of Salmon and Smith, and the disease of swine studied by him was a mixed 
infection. The necrotic changes in the intestine, found in cases running a 
chronic course, are believed by Bang to be due to still another bacillus—his 
‘* necrosis-bacillus.” Affanassieff (1892) confirms the results previously ob- 
tained by several independent observers as to the identity of the swine-plague 
bacillus of Salmon and Smith with the Loffler-Schiitz bacillus. The only 
difference observed was a difference in pathogenic virulence—the bacillus 
