BACTERIA OF PLANT DISEASES. 577 
In cultures the dimensions vary still more. In recent cultures the bacilli 
exhibit active movements, which are soon lost. The bacilli are often asso- 
ciated in viscous masses, forming milk-white drops, which when touched 
with a platinum needle may be drawn out into long threads. This viscosity 
appears to be due to a swollen and partially liquefied capsule, which may be 
demonstrated under the microscope in stained or unstained preparations. 
Does not form spores. Grows in bouillon, Dunham’s solution, ete. Does 
not form a surface film ora deposit at the bottom of the test tube, but the 
culture medium is slightly clouded. Grows very slowly or not at all in gela- 
tin and does not liquefy. Upon agar-agar it grows as a thin, smooth, milk- 
‘white, sticky layer, which extends only a short distance from the point of 
inoculation. In stab cultures it grows all along the line of puncture, form- 
ing, after a time, finger-like projections, which under a lens are seen to be 
finely granular. Upon potato it forms a thin, smooth, white, moist-looking 
layer, which only extends a short distance from the line of inoculation. 
The color of the growth resembles that of the potato, and is much whiter 
than that of most bacteria. It produces no pigment and causes no change 
in the color of the potato. In culture solutions containing dextrose, saccha- 
rose, lactose, or maltose no gas is developed. It does not cause coagulation 
of milk. It grows best in alkaline media. It is destroyed by a temperature 
of 43° C. maintained for ten minutes. Cultures in liquid media or on potato 
usually die out within three weeks. It stains best with carbol-fuchsin solu- 
tion. In properly stained preparations it is seen to have a capsule and 
flagella—in some bacilli one flagellum at each extremity of the rod, while in 
others there are more” (Smith). 
37 
