CONTENTS. ix 



Chap. Page 



54. Pearls ; how they are produced, and where 430 



55. How pearls are found 433 



56. The various kinds of pearls 434 



67. Eemarkahle facts connected with pearls — .their nature . . . . 436 



68. Instances of the use of pearls 437 



59. How pearls first came into use at Rome . . . . 440 



60. The nature of the murex and the purple '. 441 



61. The different kinds of purples ' 448 



62. How wools are dyed with the juices of the purple 445 



63. When purple was first used at Rome ; when the laticlave vestment 



and the prsetexta were first worn . . . . 447 



64. Fahrics called conchyliated 448 



65. The amethyst, the Tyiian, the ^hysginian, and the crimson tints 449 



66. The pinna, and the pinnotheres 460 



67. The sensitiveness of water-animals ; the torpedo, the pastinaca, 



the scolopendra, the g:lanis, and the ram-fish 461 



68. Bodies which have a third nature, that of the animal and vegetahle 



combined — the sea-nettle 463 



69. Sponges ; the various kinds of them, and where they are pro- 



duced : proofe that they are gifted with life by nature . . . . 454 



70. Dog-fish 456 



71. Fishes which are enclosed in a stony shell — sea-animals which 



have no sensation — other animals which live in the mud . . 468 



72. Venomous sea-animals ' 469 



73. The maladies of fishes 460 



74. The generation of fishes 461 



75. Fishes which are both oviparouis and viviparous 465 



76. Fishes the belly of which opens in spawning, and then closes again 466 



77. Fishes which have a womb ; those which impregnate themselves ib. 



78. The longest lives known amongst fishes 467 



79. The first person that formed artificial oyster-beds ib. 



80. Who was the first inventor of preserves for other fish 469 



81. Who invented preserves for murenas ib. 



82. Who invented preserves for sea-snails 470 



83. Land-fishes 471 



84. The mice of the Nile 472 



85. How the fish called the anthias is taken 473 



86. Sea-stars 474 



87. The marvellous properties of the dactylus 475 



88. The antipathies and sympathies that exist between aquatic animals ib. 



BOOK X. 



THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS. 



1. Theostrich 478 



2. The phoenix 479 



3. The different kinds of eagles 481 



4. The natural characteristics of the eagle 484 



