Chap. 25.] ACCOTTNT OF COrifTRIES, ETC. 57 



relative to the four Satrapies, of which we have postponed 

 further mention" till the present occasion. 



(23). After passing the nations in the vicinity of the Indus, 

 we come to the mountain districts. The territory of Capi- 

 sene formerly had a city, called Capisa," which was destroyed 

 hy Cyrus. Arachosia" has a river and a city of the same 

 name; the city was built by Semiramis; by some writers 

 it is called Cophen. The river Erymanthus'' flows past 

 Parabeste,'° which belongs to the Arachosii. "Writers make 

 the Dexendrusi come next, forming the boundary of the 

 Arachotse on the southern side, and of the Paropanisadae on 

 the north. The city of Cartana" lies at the ' foot of Cau- 

 casus ; in later times it has been called Tetragonis.'' This 

 region lies over against that of the Bactri, who come next, 

 and whose chief city is Alexandria, '^ so called from the 

 name of its founder. We then come to the Syndraci,"" the 



^^ Mentioned already, towards the conclusion of c. 23 of the present 

 Book. See p. 51. 



" This place was included in the district of -the Paropanisus or Hindoo 

 Koosh. It is douhtful whether Pliny is correct in saying that it was de- 

 stroyed hy Cyrus, as we have no reason for supposing that he ever 

 advanced so far to the north-east. It is supposed by some that Capisene 

 represents the Yalley of the Eahul river, and Capisa' the town on the 

 Indus, now known as Peshawar. Lassen, in his researches, has found in 

 the Chinese annals a kingdom called Kiapiche, in the valley oT Ghurbend, 

 to the east of Bamian. It is not improbable that Capisa and Kiapiche 

 were different forms of the same name. 



" See the Notes in p. 50. 



" The principal river of Drangiana, which rises in the lower range of the 

 Paropanisus or Hindoo Eoosh, and enters Lake Zarah. Its present name 

 is Ilmend or Helmend. Burnouf has supposed it to be the same as the 

 Arachotus ; but Professor Wilson is of opinion that the Arachotus was 

 one of the tributaries of the Erymanthus or Erymandrus, and probably 

 the modem Arkand-Ah. 



'* Parisot takes the meaning of this word to be "valley," and is of 

 opinion that it is the modem Ohabul ; not to be confounded, however, 

 with the Country of Cabul, to the east of which it is situate. 



" Now callea Birusen, according to Parisot, and not the city of Cabul, 

 as supposed by Hardouin. 



" Or the " four-cornered city." 



'' This place has not been identified. It has been suggested that it is 

 the same as the modern city of Candahar ; hut that was really Alexandria 

 of the, Paropanisadae, (juite a different place. 



2° Inhabiting the district now callea Arassen, according to Parisot. 



