Chap: 60.] WHEN THE FIEST CLOCKS WEEE MADE. 237 



Sicily, in the year of Eome 454,"* having been brought over 

 by P. Titinius Mena : before which time the Eomans did not 

 cut the hair. The younger Africanus"" was the first who 

 adoJ)ted the custom of shaving every day. The late Emperor 

 Augustus always made use of razors."' 



CHAP. 60. WHEN THE FIEST TIME-PIECES WEEE MADE. 



(60.) The third point of universal agreement was the divi- 

 sion of time, a subject which afterwards appealed to the reason- 

 ing faculties. We have already .stated, in the Second Book,™ 

 when and by whom this art was first invented in Greece ; 

 the same was also introduced at Eome, but at a later period. 

 In the Twelve Tables, the rising and setting of the sun are 

 the only things that are mentioned > relative to time. Some 

 years afterwards, the hour of midday was added, the sum- 

 moner"' of the consuls proclaiming it aloud, as soon as, from the 

 senate-house, he caught sight of the sun between the Kostra and 

 the Grsecostasis ;™ he also proclaimed the last hour, when the 



^ Varro, De Ee Eua. B. ii., states this fact in almost the same ■words. 

 He remarks, in continuation, that the old statues prove that there were 

 formeiiy no barhers, by the length of their beard and hair. — B. 



66 ii Alricanus sequens ;" he was the son of Paulus ^milins, the con- 

 queror of Perseus, and the adopted son of Scipio Airicanus. In conse- 

 quence of his conquest of Carthage, he was named Africanus the Younger. 

 His custom of shaving is alluded to by Aulus Gellius, B. iii. c. 4. Prom 

 the remarks of these writers, we may conclude that the Eomans were not 

 generally in the habit of shaving until after the age of forty. — B. 



*' " Cultns." Suetonius gives a different account of the method in which 

 Augustus managed his beard. After remarking upon his carelessness as to 

 his personal appearance, he says, that Augustus sometimes cropped, " ton- 

 deret," and sometimes shaved, "raderet,"' his beard. Dion. Cassius men- 

 tions the period when Augustus began to shave, the consulship of L. Mar- 

 cius Censorinus and C. Calvicius Sabinus, A.u.c. 714 ; he was then in his 

 twenty-fourth year. — B. 



" In B. ii. c. 78 ; where Pliny says, that the first clock was made at 

 Lacedtemon, by Anaximander ; he was the contemporary of Servius Tullius, 

 who commenced his reign 577 B.C. — B. 



69 " Accensus ;" he was one of the public servants of the magistrates, 

 and was so called from his ofSce of summoning the people- to the public 

 meetings (acciere). — B. 



'"' See also B. xxxiii. c. 6. This was a place in Eome appropriated to 

 the Greek ambassadors ; it is mentioned by Cicero, in a letter to his brother, 

 Quintus, B. ii. c. 1. — B. It stood on the right side of the Comitium, being 

 allotted to the Greeks from the allied states, for the purpose of hearing the 

 debates in the comitia curiata. 



