dliap. 62.] HOW WOOLS ABE DTED. : 445- 



than any of them, that known by the name of " dialute'nsis," * 

 because of the various natures of the soil on which it feedsj 

 Purples are taken with et, kind of osier kipe'" of small size, and 

 with large meshes ; these are cast into the sea, and in them 

 cockles are put as a bait, that, close the shell in an instant, 

 and snap at an. object, just as we see mussels do. Though half 

 dead, these animals, "as soon as ever they are returned to the 

 sea, come to life again, and open their shells with avidity ; 

 upon which the purples seek them, and commence the attack,; 

 by protruding ttieir tongues. The cookies, on the other hand,, 

 the moment they feel themselvfes pricked, shut their shells,- 

 and hold fast the object that has wounded them : in this way, 

 victims to their greediness, they are drawn up to the surface 

 hanging by the tongue. 



CHAP. 62. (38.) HOW WOOlS AIRE DYED WITH THE JUICES OF THE 



PUKPLE. 



The most favourable season for taking these fish is after the 

 rising of the Dog-star, or else before spring ; for when they have 

 once discharged" their waxy secretion, their juices have no 

 consistency: this, however, is a fact unknown in the dyers' 

 workshops,, although it is a point of primary importance. 

 After it is taken, the vein is extracted, which we have"' pre- 

 viously spoken of, to which it is requisite to add salt, a sexta- 

 rius'' about to every hundred pounds of juice. It is sufficient 

 to leave them to steep for a period of three days, and 'no 



'' From the Greek liaXvroe, "free," or "roving;" in consequence of 

 its peculiar mode of life. 



«» Nassis. See Note 51 in p. 421. 



»' " Qtium cerificavere." Cuvier remarks that Aristotle, Hist. Anim. 

 B. 'v. c. 14, says, that these shell-fish make " waxen comhs," meaning 

 thereby collections of cells, similar to those formed by the bee ; and it is 

 to this notion that Pliny refers in the use of the word "cerificavere." Itis 

 the fact, Cuvier says, that the univalve sea shell-fish, and more particularly 

 the buccini and the murices, envelope their eggs with glutinous vesicles of 

 vai'ied forms, according to the respective species ; whion, when massed to- 

 gether, may be not inappropriately termed " combs." 



"'' In c. 60. As Cuvier remarks, with considerable justice, this descrip- 

 tion by Pliny of the process of dyeing in purple, is very difficult to explain, 

 seeing that the art is now entirely lost. Eeaumur, he says, made some 

 attempts at dyeing with a small buccinum found off the French coasts, the 

 Buocinum lapillus of Linnaeus ; but without any result. 



S3 About twenty ounces. 



