UMBELLIFERiE. (PARSLET FAMILY.) 191 



1- E. yuocsefblium, Michx. (Eattlebnake-Mastee. Button Snake- 

 root.) Leaves linear, -taper-pointed, rigid, grass-like, nerved, bristly-fringed; leaf- 

 lets of the involucre mostly entire and shorter than the heads ; root perennial. 

 (E. aquaticum, L., in part, but never aquatic.) — Dry or damp pine-barrens or 

 prairies, New Jersey to Wisconsin, and southward. July, Aug. 



2- E. Virgini&,nuin, Lam. Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate luith hooked 

 or somewhat spiny teeth, veiny ; leaflets of the involucre cleft or spiny-toothed, 

 longer than the cymose whitish or bluish heads ; root biennial. — Swamps, New 

 Jersey and southward near the coast. July. 



5. D AUG US, Toum. Carrot. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla irregular. Fruit ovoid or oblong; the carpels 

 scarcely flattened on the back, with 5 primary slender bristly ribs, two of them 

 on the inner face, also with 4 equal and more or less winged secondary ones, 

 each bearing a single row of slender bristly prickles : an oil-tube under each of 

 these ribs. —Biennials, with fiinely 2 - 3-pinnate or pinnatifid leaves, cleft invo- 

 lucres, and concave umbels, dense in fruit. (The ancient Greek name.) 



1. D. Cae6ta, L. (Common Carrot.) Stem bristly; involucre pinnati- 

 fid, equalling the umbel. — Spontaneous in old fields. July -Sept. — Flowers 

 white or cream-color, the central one of each umbellet abortive and dark-purple. 

 Umbel in fruit dense and concave, resembling a bird's nest. (Adv. from Eu.) 



6. POLTT^NIA, DC. Poltt^nia. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Fruit oval, very flat, with an entire broad and thick corky 

 margin, the impressed back very obscurely ribbed : oil-tubes 2 in each interval, 

 and many in the corky margin. — A smooth herb (2° -3° high), resembling a 

 Parsnip, with twice-pinnate leaves, the uppermost opposite and 3-cleft, no invo- 

 lucres, bristly involucels, and bright yellow flowers. (Name from noXvs, many, 

 and raivia, aJUlet, alluding to the numerous oil-tubes.) 



1. P. NuttWii, DC. — Barrens, Michigan, Wisconsin, and southwestward. 

 May. 



7. HEBACLilUM, L. Cow-Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit as in Pastinaca, but the oil-tubes shorter than the 

 carpels (reaching from the summit to the middle). Petals (white) inversely 

 heart-shaped, those of the outer flowers commonly larger and radiant, appearing 

 2-cleft. — Stout perennials, with broad sheathing petioles and large flat umbels. 

 Involucre deciduous : involucels many-leaved. (Dedicated to Hercuks.) 



1. H. lanitum, Michx. Woolly; stem grooved; leaves 1 - 2-ternately 

 compound ; leaflets somewhat heart-shaped ; fruit obovate or orbicular. — Moist 

 rich ground : most common northward. June. — A very large, strong-scented 

 plant, 4° -8° high, in some places wrongly called Masteruiort. 



8. PASTINACA, Toum. Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oval, flat, with a thin single-winged margin ; the 

 carpels minutely 5-ribbed ; three of the ribs equidistant on the back, the lateral 



