COMPOSITE, (composite FAMILY.) 217 



§ 2. Kays present ; L e. the nlaiginal flowers or some of them with Ugalate corollas. 

 * Pappus of capillary bristles. (Rays all pistillate.) 



Rays occupying several rows. . . . , 9, 10, 14. 



Rays in one marginal row, and 



White, purple or blue, never yellow. . . 12-15. 



YelloWf of the same color as the disk. 



Pappus double, the outer short and minute .21. 



Pappus simple. 

 Scales of the involucre equal and all in one row. Leaves alternate. . . 63. 



Scales of the involucre in two rows. Leaves opposite 64. 



Scales of the involucre imbricated. Leaves alternate 19, 22. 



* * Pappus a circle of chafEy scales, dissected into bristles. ... 44- 

 * * * Pappus a circle of thin chaffy scales or short chaffy bristles. 



Heads several-flowered. Receptacle chaffy , 50, 



Heads 8-10-flowered. Receptacle naked . . 18. 



Heads many-flowered. Eeceptaele deeply honeycombed. .... .48. 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle naked. . 45^, 46, 47. 



# # * Pappus none, or a cup or crown, or of 2 or 8 awns, t-eeth, or chaffy scales corresponding 



with the edges or angles of the achenium. Often with intervening minute bristles or scales. 



^ Receptacle naked. 



Achenia flat, wing-margined. Pappus of separate little bristles or awns. , 16. 



Achenia flat, marginless. Pappus none. Receptacle conical 17. 



Achenia terete or angled. Pappus none. Receptacle flattish 54. 



Achenia angled. Pappus a little cup or crown. Receptacle conical 55, 



-*- -I- Receptacle chaffy. 

 Rays neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile. 

 Receptacle elevated (varying from strongly convex to columnar), and 



Chaffy only at the summit ; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none, . . . 51. 



Chaffy throughout. Achenia flattened laterally if at all S6 - 40. 



Receptacle flat or flattish. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales or chaff!. . 41, 42.' 

 Bays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. , 



Achenia much flattened laterally, 1-2-awned. 43. 



Achenia flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none. ... 53. 



Achenia 3-4-anguIar, terete or laterally flattish, awnless. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected* 52. 



Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite simple. 



Achenia obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup. ........ 32. 



Achenia 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 35. 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple. . 33, 34. 



Rays pistillate and fertile : the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



3 chaffy 25-28. 



Systematic Synopsis. 

 Tribe I. VBRNONTACB^, Heads discoid ; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubu- 

 lar. Branches of the style long and slender, terete, thread-shaped, minutely bristly-hairy 

 all over. — Leaves alternate or scattered. 



1. Vernonla. Heads several -many -flowered, separate. Involucre of many scales. Pap- 



pus of many capillary bristles. 



2. Elephantopus. Heads 3-5-flowered, several crowded together into a compound head. 



Involucre of 8 scales. Pappus of several chaffy bristles. 

 Tribe II. EtJPATORlACE.s:. Heads discoid, the flowers all alike, perfect and tu- 

 bular ; or in a few cases dissimilar, and the outer ones ligulate. Branches of the style 

 thickened upwards or club-shaped, obtuse, very minutely and uniformly pubescent ; the 

 stigmatic lines indistinct. 



