COMPOSITE. {composite FAMILY.) 229 



slender naked petioles ; rays 6-9. — Woodlands : common, especially northward. 

 July, Aug. — Plant l°-2° high, with smallelr heads, looser corymbs, rounder 

 and less rigid exterior involucral scales, and thinner leaves than the next ; not 

 rough, but sometimes pubescent. 



2. A. macroph^llus, L. Stem stout and rigid (2° -3° high); Imves 

 ihickish, rough, closely serrate, somewhat pointed; the lower heart-shaped (4' -10' 

 long, 3' - 6' wide), long-petioted ; the upper ovate or oblong, sessile or on mar- 

 gined petioles ; heads in ample rigid corymbs ; rays 12-25 (white or bluish). — 

 Moist woods ; common northward, and southward along the mountains. Aug., 

 Sept. — Involucre \' broad ; the outer scales rigid, oblong or ovate-oblong, the 

 innermost much larger and thinner. 



§ 2. CALLtASTRUM, Tori-. & Gr. Scdes of the involucre imbricated in several 

 TOWS, coriaceous, with short herbaceous tips: rays 12-30, violet or blue: achenia 

 narrow (smoothish) : pappus of rigid bristles of unequal thickness: stetn-leaves all 

 sessile; lower ones not Iieart-shaped : heads few, or when several corymbose, largb 

 and showy. (Allied to § 1, and to Sericocarpus.) 



3. A. Rddula, Ait. Stem simple or corymbose at the "Siimmit, smooth, 

 many-leaved (l°-3° high); leaves oblong-lanceolate pointed, sharply serrate in the 

 middle, very rough both sides and rugose-veined, closely sessUe (2' -3' long), nearly 

 equal ; scales of the bell-shaped involucre oblong, appresse(L.-Kith very short and slightly 

 spreading herbaceous tips; achenia smooth. — Bogs aid low grounds, Delaware 

 to Maine and northward, near the coast. Also Pocono Mountain, Penn. {Prof 

 T. Green) ; and a dwarf variety, with linear-lanceolate leaves, at White Moun- 

 tains, New Hampshire. Aug. — Rays light violet. Involucre nearly smooth, 

 except the ciliate margins. 



4. A. surcul6sus, Michx. Stems slender (J°-l° high), from long and 

 Slender, or here and there tuberous-thickened, creeping, subterranean shoots or suck- 

 ers, roughish-pubescent above, 1-2- or corymbosely several-flowered ; leaves 

 roughish, obscurely toothed, lanceolate or the lower spatulate ; involucre obconical or 

 boll-shaped (J'- J' long), the whitish and coriaceous scales with short ha'baceous 

 tips, the outer ones shorter ; achenia slightly pubescent. — Var. okXcilis ( A. gra- 

 cilis, Nutt.) is a form with the scales of the narrower obconical involucre succes- 

 sively shorter and with very short and scarcely spreading green tips, resembling 

 a Sericocarpus. — Moist grounds, pirte barrens of New Jersey aiid southward. 

 Sept. — Rays about 12, violet, 6" long. 



5. A. speet^bilis, Ait. Stems (l°-2° high) minutely rough and gland- 

 tllar-pubescent at the summit ; kdves oblong-lanceolate, roughish, obscurely toothed, 

 tapering to the base; scales of the short and almost hemispherical involucre linear-ob- 

 long, with conspicuous spatulate glandular-downy tips, the outermost scarcely shorter ; 

 achenia slightly pubescent. — Sandy soil, Massachbsetts to New Jersey, near 

 the coast, and southward. Sept. -Nov. — One of the handsomest of the genus, 

 though the heads are few. The rays, about 20, are narrowly lanceolate, nearly 

 1 ' long, very deep violet-blue. Involucre J' long and wide. 



6. A. H6rveyi, n. sp. Stem slender (l°-2° high), nearly smooth, the 

 summit and peduncles of the several corymbose heads minutely glandular-pubes- 

 cent ; leaves thinnish, roughish, obscurely serrate, oblong-lanceolate, very acutCi all but 



