264 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



48. BALDWfNIA, Nutt. Baldwinia. 



Heads globular, many-flowered, radiate ; the long and narrowly wedge-shaped 

 rays neutral. Involucre short, of many thickish small scales imbricated in 3 or 

 4 rows, the outer obovate and obtuse. Receptacle strongly convex, with deep 

 honeycomb-like cells containing the obconical or oblong silky-villous achenia. 

 Pappus of 7 - 9 lance-oblong erect cliaiFy scales. — A perennial herb, smoothish, 

 with slender simple stems (2° -3° high), bearing alternate oblanceolate leaves, 

 and the long naked summit terminated by a showy large head. Rays yellow 

 (1' long) ; the disk-flowers often turning dark purple. (Named for the late Dr. 

 William Baldwin.) 



1. B. unifldra, Nutt. — Borders of swamps, Virginia and southward. 

 Aug. 



49. MABSHALLIA, Schreb. Makshallia. 



Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of the 

 involucre linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, erect, in one or two rows, nearly equal. 

 Receptacle convex or conical, with narrowly linear rigid chaff among the flow- 

 ers. Lobes of the corolla slender, spreading. Achenia top-shaped, 5-angled. 

 Pappus of 5 or 6 membranaceous and pointed chafly scales. — Smooth and low 

 perennials, with alternate and entire 3-nervcd leaves, and solitary heads (re- 

 sembling those of a Scabious) terminating the naked summit of the simple 

 stem or branches. Flowers purplish ; the anthers blue. (Named for Humphry 

 Alarsliall, of Pennsylvania, author of Arbitstrum Amencanunij one of the earliest 

 works on the trees and shrubs of this country.) 



1 . M. latif 61ia, Pursh. Stems leafy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, 

 sessile. — Dry soil, Virginia and southward. (M. lanceolata and M. an- 

 GUSTirOLiA may occur in S. Virginia.) 



50. GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pav. Galinsoga. 



Heads several-flowered, radiate ; the rays 4-5, small, roundish, pistillate. 

 Involucre of 4 or 5 ovate thin scales. Receptacle conical, with narrow chaff 

 among the flowers. Achenia angled. Pappus of small oblong cut-fringed 

 chaffy scales (sometimes wanting). — Annual herbs, with opposite triple-nerved 

 thin leaves, and small heads : disk-flowers yellow ; rays whitish. (Named for 

 Galinsofja, a Spanish botanist.) 



1. G. TAEviFLdKA, Cav. Smoothish (1° high) ; leaves ovate, acute, some- 

 what toothed ; scales of the pappus 8-16. — "Waste places, especially eastward ; 

 spreading from year to year. (Adv. from S. Amer.) 



51. MARtTTA, Cass. Mat-weed. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays neutral. Involucre of many small 

 somewhat imbricated scales, shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical, bearing 

 slender chaff, at least near the summit. Achenia obovoid, ribbed, smooth. 

 Pappus none. — Annual acrid herbs, with a strong odor, finely thrice-pinnately 

 divided leaves, and single heads terminating the branches. Rays white, soon 



