276 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



broad and rounded chaffy scales ; the inner of as many alternate slender bris- 

 tles. — Small annuals or biennials, branched from the base ; the leaves chiefly 

 radical, lyrate or toothed; the small heads terminating the naked scapes or 

 branches. Flowers yellow. (Named after D. Krieg, an early German botani- 

 cal collector in this country.) 



1. K. Virginica, Willd. Stems or scapes several (I'-IO' high) ; earlier 

 leaves roundish and entire, the others narrower and often jiinnatifid. — Var. 

 dich6tojia is a branched and leafy summer state. — Kcw England to Illinois 

 and southward. April - Aug. 



74. CYNTHIA, Don. Cynthia. 



Heads many-flowered. Scales of the involucre several, somewhat in 2 rows. 

 Achenia short, striate. Pappus double ; the outer of numerous very small 

 chaffy bristles ; the inner of numerous capillary elongated bristles. — Low per- 

 ennial herbs, nearly smooth and glaucous, with scattered or radical leaves ; 

 the scapes or naked peduncles (often bristly at the apex) bearing rather showy 

 single heads. Flowers yellow. (Perhaps named after Mount Cynthus.) 



1. C. Virginica, Don. Roots fibrous ; stem-leaves 1-2, oblong or lan- 

 ceolate-spatulate, clasping, mostly entire; the radical ones on short winged 

 petioles, often toothed, rarely pinnatifid ; peduncles 2-5. — Moist banks, New 

 York to Michigan and southward. June. — Stem 1 ° high, or more. 



2. C. I}4ndelioil, DC. Scapes leafless, from a tuberous root (6'-15'high) ; 

 leaves varying from spatulate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire or few-lobcd. — 

 Moist ground, Maryland to Kentucky and southward. March - July. 



75. LEONTODON, L., Jass. Hawkbit. Fall Dandelion. 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated, but with several bract- 

 lets at the base. Achenia spindle-shaped, striate, all alike. Pappus persistent, 

 composed of plumose bristles which are enlarged and flattened towards the base. 



— Low and stemless perennials, with toothed or pinnatifid root-leaves, and scapes 

 bearing one or more yellow heads. (Name from Xiwv, a lion, and oSoiIj, a tooth, 

 in allusion to the toothed leaves. ) — The following belongs to the subgenus 

 OpoeInia, with a tawny pappus of a single row of equal bristles. 



1. L. AnTUMN'lLE, L. (Fall Dandelion.) Leaves laciniate-toothcd or 

 pinnatifid ; scape branched ; peduncles thickened at the summit and furnished 

 with small scaly bracts. — Meadows and roadsides: common in E. New Eng- 

 land. July- Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



76. TBOXIMON, Nutt. Tkoximon. 



Head many-flowered. Scales of the bell-shaped involucre ovate or lanceo- 

 late, pointed, loosely imbricated in 2 or 3 rows. Achenia smooth, 10-ribbed, 

 not beaked. Pappus longer than the achcnium, white, of copious and unequal 

 rigid capillary bristles, some of the larger gradually thickened towards the base. 



— Perennial herbs, with elongated linear tufted root-leaves, and a simple naked 

 scape. Heads solitary, large : flowers yellow. (Name from rpai^ojiai, to eat, 

 first applied to some plant with an edible root, like Salsify.) 



