PLANTAGINACE^. (pLANTAIN FAMILT.) 311 



§ 1. Flowers all yerfecl and dike, and with the i stamens and JUiform stigma much 

 exserted, but diehagamous, i. e. viith the stigma exsertedfrom the tip of the corolla a 

 day or so before it expands and the anthers are hung out (an arrangement for cros?- 

 fertilization) : lobes of the corolla spreading or refexed after flowering. 



* Leaves 5 - 7 -ribbed, mostly broad : spike long and slender, smooth ; seeds not concave 



on the inner face : root perennial, or perhaps annual in No. 2 and 3. 



1. P. mIjor, L. (Common Plantain.) Smooth or rather hairy, rarely 

 roughish ; leaves ovate, oblong, oval, or slightly heart-shaped, often toothed, 

 abruptly narrowed into a channelled petiole ; spike dense ; pod 7 - 1 6-seeded. — 

 Moist grounds, everywhere near dwellings. June - Sept. — A small and rougher 

 form in salt marshes. (Nat. from Eu., but probably indigenous high north.) 



2. P. KamtschAtica, Cham. Much resembles small forms of the preced- 

 ing; but sepals and bract narrower, and pod i-seeded. (P. Kugelii, Decaisne.) 

 — Buffalo, N. Y., Mr. Day, and sparingly in the south. (Apparently adv.) 



3. P. sparsifldra, Michx. Slender (3' -18' high), smoothish or hairy; 

 leaves lanceolate or oblong, 3 - 5-nerved, tapering to both ends, denticulate or entire ; 

 spike sparsely-flowered, very slender ; lobes of the corolla acute ; pod 2-seeded. — 

 Mound City, Illinois [Dr. Vasey), and southward. July -Sept. 



4. P. eord^ta, Lam. Tall, glabrous ; leaves heart-shaped or round-ovate 

 (3' - 8' long), long-petioled, the ribs rising from the midrib ; spike at length loosely 

 flowered ; bracts round-ovate, fleshy ; pod 2 - i-seeded. — Along rivulets. New York 

 to Wisconsin (rare), and southward. April -June. 



* # Leaves linear, thick and fleshy, without ribs, or when dry obscurely 3-nerved: spike 



slender: tube of the corolla hairy below: seeds not hollowed. 



5. P. maritima, L., var. juncoides. Smooth, or the scape slightly pu- 

 bescent ; leaves flat or flattish and chaSnellid, erect, nearly as long as the scape 

 (5'-12'), mostly entire; pod 2-celled or incompletely 3-4-celled, 2-4-seeded; 

 root on our coast annual or biennial. (P. juncoides, Lam.) — Salt marshes, from 

 New Jersey northward. Near Boston a depauperate form, 2' -5' high, little 

 fleshy, grows in sand beyond the influence of salt water (D. Murray). The per- 

 ennial P. maritima occurs in New Brunswick, &c., perhaps in Maine. 



* * * Leaves 3 - 5-ribbed, narrow ;. spike thick and dense, at first or throughout very 



short: two of the scarious sepals generally united into one: seeds only 2, hollowed 

 on the inner face. 



6. P. LANCBOlXtA, L. (RiBGKASS. RiPPLEGEASS. ENGLISH PLANTAIN.) 



Mostly hairy ; scape grooved-angled, at length much longer than the lanceolate 



or lance-oblong leaves, slender (9'-2° high); root perennial. — Dry fields : 



common eastward. (Nat. from Eu. ) 



§ 2. Flowers of two sorts on distinct plants, apparently pohjgamo-dicectous ; the mostly 

 sterile with the usual large anthers on long capillary filaments, and the lobes of the 

 corolla reflexedor spreading ; the truly fertile with minute anthers on short included 

 filaments, and the corolla usually closing permanently over the apex of the fruit: 

 seeds not hollowed on the face: small annuals or biennials. 

 » Stamens 4 : spike dense. 



7. P. Virginica, L. Hairy or hoary-pubescent (2' -9' high) ; leaves ob- 

 long, varying to obovate and spatulate-lanceolate, 3 -5-nerved, slightly or 



