SCROPHULARIACE^. (piGWORT FAMILY.) 337 



lobes obtuse or notched. Stamens 4, under the upper lip : anther-cells equal, 

 pointed at the base. Pod oblong, flattened. Seeds numerous. — Herbs with 

 branching stems, and opposite toothed or cut leaves. Flowers small, spiked. 

 (Name fi(j)pa<T'ta, cheerfulness, in allusion to its reputed medicinal properties.) 



1. £. officin^iS, L. Low annual; leaves ovate or lanceolate, the lowest 

 crenate, the floral bristly-toothed ; lobes of the lower lip of the (whitish, yellow- 

 ish, or bluish) corolla notched. — Alpine summits of the White Mountains, New 

 Hampshire (Oakes), Lake Superior, and northward. A dwarf variety, l'-5' 

 high, with very small flowers. (E. pusilla, Godet, mss.) (Eu.) 



23. RHIWANTHTJS, L. Yem,ow-Battle. 



Calyx membranaceous, flattened, much inflated in fruit, 4-toothed. Upper 

 lip of the corolla arched, ovate, obtuse, flattened, entire at the summit, but fur- 

 nished with a minute tooth on each side below the apex ; lower lip 3-lobed. Star 

 mens 4, under the upper lip : anthers approximate, hairy, transverse ; the cells 

 equal, pointless. Pod orbicular, flattened. Seeds many, orbicular, winged. — 

 Annual upright herbs, with opposite leaves ; the lower oblong or linear ; the 

 upper lanceolate, toothed ; the floral rounded and cut-serrate with bristly teeth ; 

 the solitary yellow flowers nearly sessile in their axils, and crowded in a one- 

 sided spike. (Name composed of piv, a snout, and avBos, u, flower, from the 

 beaked upper lip of the corolla in some species formerly of this genus.) 



1. R. Crista-g^li, L. (Common Yellow-Rattle.) Leaves oblong 

 or lanceolate; seeds broadly winged (when ripe they rattle in the inflated calyx, 

 whence the popular name). — Plymouth, Mass. (probably introduced). White 

 Mountains, N. Hampshire (Tuckerman), Lake Superior, and northward. (Eu.) 



24. PEDICULAEIS, Tourn. LotrsEWOET. 



Calyx various. Corolla strongly 2-lipped ; the upper lip arched, flattened, 

 often beaked at the apex ; the lower erect at the base, 2-crested above, 3-lobed ; 

 the lobes commonly spreading, the lateral ones rounded and larger. Stamens 

 4, under the upper lip : anthers transverse ; the cells equal, pointless. Pod 

 ovate or lanceolate, mostly oblique, several-seeded. — Perennial herbs, with 

 chiefly pinnatifid leaves, the floral bract-like, and rather large flowers in a spike. 

 (Name from pediculus, a louse ; of no obvious application.) 



1. P. Canadensis, L. (Common Lousewoet. Wood Betont.) 

 Hairy; stems simple, clustered (5'-12' high); leaves scattered; the lowest pin- 

 nately parted; the others haJf -pinnatifid ; spike short and dense; calyx split in 

 front, otherwise almost entire, oblique ; upper lip of the (dull greenish-yellow 

 and purplish) corolla hooded, incurved, 2-toothed under the apex; pod flat, 

 somewhat sword-shaped. — Copses and banks : common. May - July. 



2. P. lanceol&ta, Michx. Stem upright (l°-3° high), nearly simple, 

 mostly smooth; leaves partly cpposite, oblong-lanceolate, doubly cut-toothed; spike 

 crowded; calyx 2-lobed, leafy-crested; upper lip of the (pale yellow) corolla 

 incurved and bearing a short truncate beak at the apex ; the lower erect, so as 

 nearly to close the throat; pod ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx. (P. pfflida, 

 Pursk.) — Swamps, Connecticut to Virginia and Wisconsin. Aug., Sept. 



22 



