GENTIANACE^. (GENTIAN FAMILY.) 387 



L., partly.) — Damp woods, from the northern parts of Maine, to Wisconsin, and 

 northward. July, August. 



5. GENTIANA, L. Gentian. 



Calyx 4-5-cleft. Corolla 4-5-lobed, regular, usually with intermediate 

 plaited folds, which bear appendages or teeth at the sinuses. Style short or 

 none : stigmas 2, persistent. Pod oblong, 2-valved ; the innumerable seeds 

 either borne on placentas at or near the sutures, or in most of our species cover- 

 ing nearly the whole inner face of the pod. (First shown by Prof. H. J. Clark!) 



— Flowers solitai-y or cymose, showy, in late summer and autumn. (Name 

 from Gentius, king of lUyria, who used some species medicinally.) 



§ 1. AMARELLOIDES, Torr. & Gr. Corolla tubular-funnel-form, without 

 crown or plaited folds, and with the lobes naked: anthers separate, fixed by 

 the middle, introrse in the bud, but reflexed after thi flower opens : seeds wing- 

 less : annuals. 



1. G. quinquefl6ra, Lam. (Five-flowebed G.) Stem rather slen- 

 der, branching (1° high) ; leaves ovate-lanceolate front a partly clasping and 

 heart-shaped base, 3 - 7-nerved, tipped with a minute point ; branches racemed 

 or panicled, about 5-flowered at the summit ; lobes of the small 5-cleft calyx 

 awl-shaped-linear ; lobes of the pale-blue corolla triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed, 

 bne fourth the length of the slender obconical tube. — Var. ocoidentXlis has 

 linear-lanceolate calyx-lobes, more leaf-like, about half the length of the corolla. 

 '—Dry hilly woods, Maine to Wisconsin and southward, especially along the 

 AUeghanies : the var. is the common form in the Western States. — Corolla 

 nearly 1 ' long ; in the variety proportionally shorter. 



§ 2. CROSSOP^TALUM, Froel. Corolla funnel-form, gland-bearing between the 

 bases of the filaments, without crown or plaited folds ; the lobes fringed or toothed 

 on the margins : anthers as in § 1 : pod somewhat stalked : seeds wingless, clothed 

 with little scales : annuals or biennials. 



2. G. crinita, Frcel. (Fringed G.) Flowers solitary on long peduncles 

 terminating the stem or simple branches ; leaves lanceolate or orate-hnceolate from 

 a partly heart-shaped or rounded base ; lobes of the 4-cleft calyx unequal, ovate and 

 lanceolate, as long as the bell-shaped tube of the sky-blue corolla, the lobes of 

 which are wedge-obovate, and strongly fringed around the summit ; ovary lanceolate. 



— Low grounds, New England to Kentucky and Wisconsin : rather common. — 

 Plant 1° - 2° high ; the showy corolla 2' long. 



3. G. det6nsa, Fries. (Smaller Fringed 6.) Stem simple or with 

 slender branches, terminated by solitary flowers on very long peduncles ; leaves 

 linear or lanceolate-linear ; lobes of the 4- (rarely 5-) cleft calyx unequal, ovate or 

 triangular and lanceolate, pointed ; lobes of the sky-blue corolla spatulate-oblong, 

 with eiliate-fringed margins, the fringe shorter or almost obsolete at the summit ; 

 ovary elliptical or obovate. — Moist grounds, Niagara Falls to Illinois and north- 

 westward. Passes into the last. (Eu.) 



§ 3. PNEUMONANTHE, Necker. Corolla bell-shaped or obconical, 5-lobed, 

 with plaited folds which project into appendages in the sinuses ■: anthers erect. 



