UKTICACE^. (nettle FAMILT.) 441 



many as the lobes of the calyx and opposite them, or sometimes fewer. Coty- 

 ledons usually broad. Stipules often deciduous. — A large order (fer the 

 greater part tropical), comprising the following suborders, viz. : — 



SuBOKDER I. UL,MACE.aE. Elm Family. 



Flowers perfect or monoeciously polygamous. Filaments straight or 

 moderately incurved in the bud. Styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara 

 or drupe. Seed suspended. — Trees, with a watery juice (no active or 

 noxious properties), and alternate leaves. 



* Fruit dry, winged or crested (a samara) : anthers extrorse. 



1. tJlmus* Flowers sometimea perfect. Ovary 2-ovuied. Fruit l-celled, winged. 



2. Flanera. Flowers polygamous. Ovary 1-ovuled. Fruit wingless, nut-like. 



* * Fruit a drupe : anthers introrse. 



3. Celtls* Flowers polygamous. Ovary 1-ovuled. Cotyledons curved and crumpled. 



Suborder U. ARTOCARPE.aE. Bread-fruit & Fig Family. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious, crowded in catkin-like spikes or heads ; 

 the calyx, &c. becoming fleshy or juicy in fruit, but the 1- (rarely 2-) 

 celled ovary ripening as a dry achenium. Styles or stigmas commonly 2. 

 — Mostly trees or shrubs, with a milky or yellow (acrid or poisonous) 

 juice, and alternate (rough or smooth) leaves. — Stamens inflexed in 

 the bud, and elastically spreading when the flower opens, in the Tribe 

 More^. 



4. Morus* Fertile and sterile flowers in separate spikes. Calyx berry-like in fruit. 



Suborder III. URTICE^. Nettle Family. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Filaments transversely wrinkled and 

 inflexed in the bud, straightening or spreading elastically when the flower 

 opens. Style or stigma simple. Ovary always 1-celled, with an erect or- 

 thotropous ovule, forming an achenium in fruit. Embryo straight in the 

 axis of albumen. — Herbs (or in the tropics often shrubs or trees), with a 

 watery bland j uice, a tough fibrous bark, and opposite or alternate leaves : 

 many are armed with stinging hairs. 



* Calyx in the fertile flowers of 2 - 5 separate or nearly separate sepals, 

 ■t- Plant beset with stinging bristles. 

 6. XIrtica. Sepals 4 in both sterile and fertile flowers. Achenium straight and erect, en- 

 closed by the 2 inner and larger sepals. Stigma capitate-tufted. Leaves opposite. 



6. liaportea* Sepals 5 in the sterile flowers, 4 in the fertile, or apparently only 2, the two 



exterior minute and obscure. Achenium very oblique and bent down, nearly naked. 

 Stigma long and awl-shaped. Leaves alternate. 



4- 4- Plant wholly destitute of stinging bristles. 



7. Fllea. Sepals 3 or 4, those of the fertile flowers unequal, all or all but one small. 



Achenium partly naked, straight and erect. Stigma pencil-tufted. 

 # * Calyx of the fertile flowers tubular or cup-shaped, enclosing the achenium. 

 g. Boelinieria. Flowers monoecious, glomerate, the clusters spiked, not involucrate. 



St. le long and thread-shaped, stigmatic down one side. 

 9. Parle iaria* Flowers polygamous, in involucrate-^bracted clusters. Stigma tufted. 



