SALICACEJE. (willow FAMILY.) 461 



cut-toothed ; fertile catkins slender-stalked, clustered, ovoid. (A. undulata, 

 Willd. Betula crispa, Michx.) — On mountains and along streams descending 

 from them, N. New England and New York, shore of L. Superior, and north- 

 ward. Also in the AUeghanies southward. Shrub 3° - 8° high. (Eu.) 

 § 2. Flowers developed in earliest spring, before the leaves, from mostly clustered 

 catkins which (of both sorts) were formed the foregoing summer and have remained 

 nalced over winter ; fruit wingless or with a narrow coriaceous margin, 



2. A. incina, Willd. (Speckled or Hoary A.) Leaves broadly oval or 

 ovate, rounded at the base, sharply serrate, often coarsely toothed, whitened and 

 mostly downy underneath ; stipules oblong-lanceolate ; fruit orbicular. (A. glaiica, 

 Miclix.) — Shrub or small tree 8° -20° high, forming thickets along streams ; 

 the common Alder northward. — Var. GLAtOA has the leaves pale, but when 

 old quite smooth, beneath. (Eu.) 



3. A. serrul&ta, Ait. (Smooth A.) Leaves obovate, acute at the base, 

 sharply serrate with minute teeth, thickish, green both sides, smooth or often 

 downy beneath ; stipules oval ; fruit ovate. — Shrub 6° - 1 2° high : the com- 

 mon Alder from S. New England to Wisconsin, Kentucky, and southward. 



§ 3. Flowers in autumn {Sept.) from catkins of the season ; the fertile mostly solitary 

 in the axils of the leaves, ripening the fruit a year later: fi'uit wingless. 



4. A. maritima, Muhl., Nutt. Sylv. t. lO. (Sea-side A.) Glabrous; 

 leaves oblong, ovate, or obovate with a wedge-shaped base, slender-petioled, 

 sharply serrulate, bright green, or rather rusty beneath ; fruiting catkins large, 

 ovoid or oblong (9" -12" long, 6" thick). (A. oblongata, Regel, not of Willd. 

 A. Japonica, Siebold ^ Zuccarini, according to Kegel. ) — Along streams, Dela- 

 ware and E. Maryland, Dr. Picketing, W. M. Canby, &e. Also, what is thought 

 to be the same species in Japan I — Tree 20° high. 



Order 105. SALIC ACEiE. (^YILLOW Family.)* 



Dioecious trees or shrubs, with both kinds of flowers in calkins, one under 

 each bract, entirely destitute of floral envelopes (unless one or two gland-like 

 bodies represent the calyx) ; the fruit a 1-celled and 2-valved pod, with 2 

 parietal or basal placentm, bearing numerous seeds furnished with a long 

 silky down. — Style short or none: stigmas 2, often 2-lobed. Seeds as- 

 cending, anatropous, without albumen. Cotyledons flattened. — Leaves 

 alternate, undivided, with scale-like and deciduous, or else leaf-like and 

 persistent, stipules. Wood soft and light : bark bitter. 



1. S All IX, Tourn. Willow. Osiek. 



Bracts (scales) of the catkins entire. Sterile flowers of 3 - 10, mostly 2, 

 distinct or united stamens, accompanied by 1 or 2 little glands. Fertile flowers 

 also with a small flat gland at the base of the ovary on the inner side : stig- 



* This order was elaborated for the first edition by John Caeet, Esq. ; whose account is 

 essentially preserved, pending the publication of Professor Andersson's monograph in the 

 fortheottiing volume of BeCandolle's Prodromus. 



