CTPERACEiE. (sedge FAMILY.) 597 



hairy. (C. athcrbdes, Spreng. C. mirkta, Dno.) — Lake shores and river-banks, 

 N. New York to Michigan, and northwestward. — Culm 2° - 3" high : leaves 

 2" -3" wide. Fertile spikes 2' -3' long, often loosely flowered towards the base. 

 <Eu. C. orthdstaehys.) 



125. C. triohOC^pa, Muhl. More slender; leaves and bracts rough, 

 but not hairy ; fertile spikes 2 or 3, fewer-flowered ; perigynia more ovate and 

 with shorter and stouter teeth, downy-pubescent, the scale short-awned or awn- 

 less. (C. strijita, Ed. 1, not of Michx.) — In water or wet ground: common, 

 especially northward. 



Var. imberbis. Perigynia glabrous; sheaths rather rough. Penn-Yan, 

 New York, Sartwdl. Illinois, Mead, E. Hall, and northwestward. 



H — I- Staminate spikes solitary, with a filiform bract ; fertile 3-5, cylindrical, densely- 

 flowered, on long exserted and at length drooping stalks, mostly approximate: 

 perigynia widely spreading, reflexed at maturity. 



126. C. C0m6sa, Boott. Fertile spikes thick (l'-3' long, and 6"- 7" 

 wide), the lowest sometimes very remote ; perigynia tapering from a stalked ovoid- 

 triangular base into a long deeply 2-forked beak, the sharp elongated teeth widely spread- 

 ing or somewhat recurved ; scales lanceolate, with a long bristle-shaped awn 

 shorter than the mature fruit ; culm rough and triquetrous. (C. furcata, £//., 

 not o{ Lapeyr. C. Pseudo-Cyperus, Schw. ^ Torr., Dew., Sfc, in part, not of L. ) 



— Wet places : common. — A robust species 2° - 3° high, formerly confounded 

 with the next, which it greatly resembles ; but it differs especially in the larger 

 fertile spikes, longer beak of the fruit, and the longer, smooth and widely 

 spreading teeth, giving to the spikes a eomose or bristly appearance. 



127. C. Pseudo-Cypferus, L. Fertile spikes narrower and sometimes 

 slightly compound at the base ; perigynia as in the last, but with a shorter beak 

 and shorter less spreading teeth ; scale about the length of the mature fruit. — Bor- 

 der of lakes and in bogs. New England to Pennsylvania, and northward. (Eu.) 



§ 12. Perigynia much inflated, conspicuously many-nerved, smooth, with a long taper- 

 ing 2-toothed beak: bracts leaf-like, much exceeding the culm : scales tawny 

 or white : staminate spike stalked, always solitary. — LcPTji/iN.a;. 

 * Bracts with very short or obsolete sheatlis. 



128. C. hystricina, Willd. Sterile spike often bearing a few fertile flow- 

 ers at the base or apex ; fertile spikes 2-4, oblong-cylindrical, densely flowered, 

 the uppermost on a very short stalk, the others on long stalks and at length nod- 

 ding, the lowest often very remote ; perigynia spreading, tapering from an ovoid 

 base into a long slender beak with sharp smooth teeth, longer than the awned scale. 



— A variety with shorter ovoid spikes, the lowest very remote on a filiform stalk, 

 4' -6' long, with rather smaller perigynia not much longer than the awn, is 

 C. Cooleyi, Dew. — Wet meadows : common. — Plant pale or yellowish green, 

 with fertile spikes 9'' to l^'long. Distinguished from the preceding by the 

 more inflated less diverging fruit, its beak longer and teeth shorter ; and fi-om 

 the following by the smaller nodding spikes and many-nerved periginium, 

 with longer and smooth teeth. 



129. C. tentaculd;ta, Muhl. FeHih spikes 2-3, ovoid, oblong, or cylindri- 

 cal, densely flowered, approidmate and diverging horizontally, the uppermost ses- 



