254 APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 



epidemic. The disease is highly infective throughout. 

 Women when in a weak condition — as in pregnancy, for 

 example — are very prone to the disease, and it has been 

 found to manifest itself after the occurrence of some local 

 traumatic injury, when the patient has been exposed to 

 infection which in good health would probably not have 

 taken effect. 



Marmorek has treated several cases successfully with his 

 antistreptococcic serum. 



SMALL-POX AND VACCINIA. 



Evidence of the relationship of small-pox to vaccinia — The mioro- 

 organisms associated with small-pox and vaccinia — The specific 

 organism not yet definitely discovered — Researches of Klein and 

 Copeman — Klein's bacillus albus variolse — Probably the specific 

 organism — Copeman's egg culttire experiments — Glycerised lymph 

 — Jennerian vaccination — Recommendations of Royal Commission 

 on vaccination — Distribution and pathogenesis of smaU-pox — 

 Preventive measures. 



Small-pox, or Variola, is a specific infectious disease which 

 is caused undoubtedly by a micro-organism, but none of 

 the organisms hitherto found in _the pocks have been 

 definitely proved as the cause of the disease. 



Vaccinia, or Cow-pox, is a disease of cows and calves, and 

 is usually met with in the form of vesicles on the udder. 

 It is believed by most observers that this disease is really 

 small-pox, but so modified in cows as to be a very mild 

 affection. Vaccinia can be inoculated into human beings 

 by means of the lymph taken from the vesicles ; the infec- 

 tion ■ so inoculated runs a definite course, and is nearly 

 always a trivial disease. 



The question of the relationship of small-pox to vaccinia 

 has been a matter of great dispute and controversy since 



