302 APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 



geneous substance enclosing a greenish refractive mass, 

 which contain vacuoles of various sizes and a nucleus. 

 Their movements consist first of a progressive motion, and 

 secondly of a protrusion and withdrawal of pseudopgdia. 

 An alkaline condition is necessary to their growth. The 

 organisms often contain foreign bodies, such as blood 

 corpuscles, pus cells, bacilli, etc. They penetrate and 

 undermine the tissues of the mucous membrane, producing 

 their effects by liquefying the tissues, causing ulceration 

 and necrosis. They frequently extend to the liver. Losch 

 communicated the disease to dogs by the administration of 

 the fresh dejecta containing them. Kartulis succeeded in 

 cultivating them in alkaline straw infusion, which he inocu- 

 lated from the contents of a liver abscess which contained 

 no bacteria. In twenty-four to forty-eight hours, at 35° to 

 38° C, a membrane forms upon the surface of the liquid 

 consisting of the young organisms. Injection of the 

 organisms into the rectum of cats resulted in swelling and 

 erosion of the mucous membrane. No result followed when 

 the amoebae were administered by the mouth. 



SOME DISEASES OF THE LOWEE ANIMALS DUE TO 

 MICBO-OHGANISMS. 



Symptomatic Anthrax. 



The bacillus of symptomatic anthrax was first described 

 by Bollinger and Feser in the year 1878, who obtained it 

 from the affected tissues in animals suffering from ' quarter- 

 evil.' 



The bacillus is a rod about 4 fx, long and 0'5 jm thick. It 

 is motile, and forms spores, which are situated at different 

 positions in the rod, and, from their large size, cause its 

 distortion. The thermal death-point of the bacillus is 

 80° C, while that of the spores may be very considerably 

 higher, especially when dried. 



