ADAPTATION FOR PROTECTION FROM ENEMIES 95 



Variable protective resemblance, the changing of the color 

 of an animal to correspond to the change in its back- 

 ground. 



Special protective resemblance, the resemblance of an 

 animal to some object found in its background in color 

 and form. 



Mimicry, the resemblance of an unprotected animal to 

 a well-protected one. 



Warning colors, bright colors which protect animals by 

 causing other animals to avoid it. 



Questions. 



1. Show how the transparent color of a Paramecium, 

 the green color of a cabbage worm, or the green color of a 

 certain species of hydra may result in protecting an animal 

 from its enemies. Mention as many other examples as 

 you can. 



2. What is gained by the ability of a squid to change 

 its color 1 How is this change brought about } 



3. Explain the protective coloration of the following : 

 Dead-leaf butterfly, walking stick, geometrid larva. Hunt 

 up other examples. 



4. Explain the protective coloration in the following: 

 Hover flies, clear-winged moths, viceroy butterflies. 



5. Make a list of several invertebrates that are protected 

 by their bright color. Explain the reason for the bright 

 color. 



6. How may the difference between the color of the 

 upper and lower surfaces of animals be explained on the 

 basis of use to the animal .' 



7. (Optional) Find out some other uses of color to an 

 animal aside from protection. 



