VERTEBRATES 159 



Observations in the field or at home. 



1 . Note how the animal uses its lips, tongue, and teeth in 

 feeding. Is it a ruminant ? 



2. In what order does the animal use its feet? Look 

 up the definition of walk, run, gallop, canter, trot, lope, 

 single foot, pace. Which of these forms of locomotion 

 are optional with the animal ? 



3. Describe the process when the animal lies down 

 and gets up. 



4. Describe the covering of the animal, noting its 

 length, fineness, etc. What variations in different regions 

 of the body.? 



5. Is the animal alert or sluggish t Upon what senses 

 does it most depend ? What mental characteristics are 

 most marked, e.g. curiosity, fear, suspicion. 



6. Note any movements of the ear. What is gained by 

 these movements .■" 



7. What is the position of the eye .■■ What is the shape 

 and direction of the pupil t Reason .? 



8. What means has the animal for getting away from 

 its enemies. 



Observations based upon museum trip or natural history. 



1. Identify as many ungulates as you can ; for example, 

 buffalo, musk ox, big-horn sheep. Rocky Mountain goat, 

 chamois, antelope, giraffe, red deer, elk, moose, reindeet, 

 wild boar, peccary, rhinoceros, zebra, hippopotamus. 



2. Answer the following questions about each : — 



a. What is the family, scientific name .' 



b. What is the size of the animal .' the relative length 

 of the hind and fore legs } the relative length of the 

 neck } 



c. What is the nature of the covering of the aiiimal ? 



