i62 A GUIDE FOR THE STUDY OF ANIMALS 



30. Methods of protection from enemies among ungulates. 



31. Breeding habits and care of young in case of 

 ungulates. 



32. Intelligence in the case of horses. 



33. Strange and peculiar ungulates to be seen in museums 

 and zoological gardens. 



The Horse 



The pupil is expected to study carefully the account of 

 Eohippus or Hyracotherium in his text or any other avail- 

 able reference book, and to supplement that work and this 

 brief sketch with original observations upon horses on the 

 street, at a local store, or wherever possible or convenient. 



From the early horses which migrated from North 

 America there arose in Asia and Africa the ass, famous in 

 the history of early civilization and still used in some 

 localities as beasts- of burden or for the breeding of mules, 

 which are the crosses between ass and horse. There also 

 arose the zebra and the most primitive of modern horses, 

 Przewalskii's horse, a wild pony of western China, about 

 forty inches high and almost identical with the drawings of 

 the horse made by early man, 30,000 years ago. Doubtless 

 the modern ponies of Ireland, Iceland, and Shetland are de- 

 scendants of the original Przewalskii type and not, as is 

 often claimed, true horses stunted by rigors of climate and 

 scant fare. 



The horse is characterized largely by the presence of a 

 lock of hair between the ears, a full mane and tail, small 

 ears, large hoofs, and peculiar neigh. The ass has no fore- 

 lock, a scanty mane and tail, long ears, small hoofs, and a 

 distinct bray. 



By means of various crusades and raids, the modern 

 horse was introduced into Europe from Asia, where it is 



