VERTEBRATES 167 



8. Explain the uses of the lips, telling how they are 

 fitted for their work. 



9. Tell where the bit lies in the horse's mouth, and how 

 the structure permits this. 



10. Where are the ears situated? How does this 

 peculiar position affect the range of hearing and general 

 alertness ? Of how much movement are they capable ? 

 Describe the lining of the ear, and state its use. 



1 1. What is the rate of the pulse .' 



12. Measure the height at shoulder and at croup, 

 length of body from withers to rump, of head, of neck ; 

 thickness of body from the shoulder to the chest and of 

 distance of chest from ground. Point out any equalities 

 or ratios you find. 



Topics for investigation. 



1. The meaning of the terms gee, haw, nigh, off, run, 

 gallop, trot, pace, single foot, rack. 



2. The location, cause, and effect of these troubles : 

 heaves, blind staggers, knee sprung, shoe boil, quitter, 

 ring bone, spavin, capped hock, flat foot, hoof bound, 

 glanders, mange, sweeny, hide bound, and thrush. 



3. The record time for a trotted and a paced mile. 



4. The meaning of " one horse power." How much a 

 horse can pull on good roads. 



5. Record prices for valuable horses. 



6. Current prices for horses ; for ponies ; for mules. 



7. The origin and the use of the mule. 



8. Balanced rations. 



9. The number and care of the young, and their relative 

 development at birth. 



10. Other animals used as beasts of burden in peculiar 

 conditions or localities. 



