PASSERES—CORVID&. 127 
more in evidence during the winter than during the sum- 
mer, no doubt because he finds food more plentiful and more 
easily obtained in towns and cities. During the winter the 
jay is a great scavenger, visiting the kitchen waste barrel 
. regularly. He -will-eat.almost.anything.that.can be digested, 
and sometimes other things as well. Corn and nuts furnish 
a good share of his winter food, where they are plentiful. 
His friends keep still about what he eats during the summer. 
There is no doubt that many nests despoiled of eggs or even 
young must be laid to his mischievous propensities. One 
might be allowed to judge of his character by the manner 
in which his neighbors receive him. The appearance of a 
jay in any neighborhood is the signal for all the birds to 
band together to drive him away. Prof. F. E. L. Beal’s ex- 
amination of 292 stomachs failed to sustain the almost uni- 
versal testimony of the robbing proclivities of this bird. 
There was some evidence of it but too little upon which to 
base a sweeping condemnation. On the other hand, the Blue 
Jay certainly does destroy large numbers of injurious in- 
sects. 
While it is probably true that the Blue Jay is migratory 
to some extent, the northernmost birds receding south a 
greater or less distance to spend the winter, and the others 
also crowding south to give place to them, it is not an ap- 
preciable movement in Ohio. 
175. (486a.) Corvus CORAX PRINCIPALIS Ridgw. 123. 
Northern Raven. 
Synonyms: Corvus corax, C. corax var. carnivorous, C. carniy- 
orus. 
Raven, American Raven. 
Wilson, Am. Orn., IX, 1825, 136. 
The records seem to indicate that in Wilson’s time the 
Raven was so common along the lake shore, particularly 
easterly, as to entirely supplant the Crow. It gradually de- 
creased in numbers, until none were known except in the 
extreme northwest. In 1882 Dr. Wheaton regarded it as 
a “Rare winter visitor.” Mr. Thos. Mikesell, of Wauseon, 
