EXTINCT. 221 
The first importation of this pest into the state directly 
from Europe was into Cleveland, in 1869, twenty pairs. 
During the same year thirty-three pairs were taken from 
New York to Cincinnati and Warren. Then followed im- 
portations into Marietta, 1870, Coshocton and Portsmouth, 
1874, Steubenville, about 1880 or 1881, Wapakoneta, 
about 1882, which seems to have been the last importation. 
Since that time it has spread well over the state, in the more 
settled districts, even invading the country places and farm 
buildings, until the tendency to nest in the woods grows 
strong. About Oberlin several pairs have already invaded 
the trees rightfully belonging to Bluebirds and Crested Fly- 
catchers, in the woods a mile from the village. 
EXTINCT. 
But two native and two introduced species have become 
extinct in historic times. At least three others are rapidly 
approaching extinction: these are Wild Turkey, Passenger 
Pigeon, and Swallow-tailed Kite. It was supposed that 
these would prove extinct, but records of occurrence with- 
in the past ten years make it necessary to retain them for 
the present. The causes for the disappearance of these two 
native birds and the great decrease of the others are not 
far to seek. They have been mercilessly hunted and their 
natural breeding places have been destroyed in the settle- 
ment of the state. Lacking the ability to change their hab- 
its with the changing conditions, it was inevitable that they 
should die out. 
Orper GALLINZA. 
Subfamily TETRAONINA. 
1. (305.) TymMpaNnucHUS AMERICANUS (Reich.). 183. 
Prairie Hen. 
Synonyms: Cupidonia cupidio, C. americanus, Tetrao cupido. 
Pinnated Grouse, Prairie Chicken. 
