CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Preface to the First Edition . \- 



Preface to the Second Edition . . viii 



INTRODUCTION . .... 1 



I. On the Meaning and Scope of Comparative Anatomy . 1 



II. Development and Structural Plan of the Vertebrate Body . . 2 



III. Classified List of the Principal Vertebrate Groups ... .13 



IV. Table showing the Gradual Development of the Vertebrata in Time . 15 



SPECIAL PART. 



A. INTEGUMENT 16 



of Amphioxus, Fishes, and Dipnoans . ... 16 



of Amphibians . . . . 18 



of Reptiles . . . .20 



of Birds 20 



of Mammals ... . 23 



Mammary Glands . . ... . 27 



B. SKELETON .30 



1. EXOSKELETON 



2. ENDOSKELETON 



30 

 34 

 34 

 36 



42 

 45 

 47 

 49 



I. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 



of Fishes and Dipnoans 

 of Amphibians . 

 of Reptiles . . 

 of Birds . . . 



of Mammals 



II. RIBS 



of Fishes and Dipnoans . . . 54 



of Amphibians . . 55 



of Reptiles . . . . 56 



of Birds . . .... 56 



of Mammals . ... ... . . 57 



