(ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND INTESTINE 265 



wanting in Monotremes (Fig. 212, a): although the organ is 

 represented by a wide sac, it is entirely wanting in glands, and is 

 lined throughout by a stratified epithelium. This remarkable 

 condition is doubtless due to degeneration. Amongst Edentates, 

 a similar peculiarity is seen in Manis javanica — in which, however, 

 the glands are retained in a sac-like outgrowth from the greater 

 ■curvature, and in Sloths— in which the glands are more numerous. 



In herbivorous Mammals the stomach is, as a rule, relatively 

 larger and more complicated than in carnivorous Mammals 



Fig. 213. — Stomach of Sheep. (From Oppel. After Carus and Otln.) 



■o, oesophagus ; h. c, d, the three subdivisions of the paunch, marked off from one 

 another by the folds e and/; g, reticulum ; h, oesophageal groove ; i, psalte- 

 rium ; Ic, aperture leading from the psalterium into the abomasum (/, ni) ; u, 

 pyloric valve ; o, duodenum. 



(Figs. 212 and 213), and it may become divided into two or mare 

 chambers. In some Rodents and in the Horse distinct cardiac and 

 pyloric chambers can be recognised, and in Ungulates numerous 

 intermediate forms between a simple and an exceedingly complex 

 stomach, such as occurs in the typical Ruminants, are to be met 

 with. In the latter (Fig. 213) the stomach is divided into four 

 chambers, which are called respectively rumen {paunch), reticulum, 

 psalterium, and abortiasum. The two first, which may be looked 



