THE PEAR. 



463 



—Aston Town, S. ; Bergamot autumn, S. ; B. 

 Gausal's, S. and W.; Beurrd Ananas, S. and W.; 

 B. Bosc, W.; B. Brown, W. and S.; B. d'Arem- 

 berg, S. and W.; B. d'Capiaumont, S. and W.; 

 B. Diel, S. and W.; B. Duval, S. and W.; B. 

 Easter, S. and W.; B. Ranee, S. and W.; Chau- 

 montelle, S. and W. ; Citron des Carmes, W., 

 (for an eai-ly supply, would no doubt ripen also 

 as a standard, if tried) ; Colmar, W. ; Comptede 

 Lamy, W. ; Crassane, W. ; Crassane Althorp, W. ; 

 Doyenne Gris, W. ; Duchesse d'Augoul6me, W. 

 and S. ; Glout Morceau, W. and S. ; Hacon's In- 

 comparable, W.; Hessel, S.; Jargonelle, W. and 

 S. ; Louise Bonne of Jersey, W. ; Marie Louise, 

 "W. and S. ; Moorfowl Egg, Galston's, W. ; Napo- 

 leon, W. and S. ; Winter Nelis, W. ; Passe Colmar, 

 W.; St Germains, W. ; Seckel, S., indifferently; 

 Swan's Egg, S. ; Vergouleuse, W. ; Doyenne 

 Blanc, W. ; Auehan, W. and S. Many other 

 sorts recently planted have not as yet fruited. 



List of perry pears. — Barland, an old Here- 

 fordshire pear, where it is much cultivated and 

 esteemed ; Foxley, also esteemed for the same 

 purpose, of Herefordshire origin, (specific gra- 

 vity, 1070) ; Huflfcap brown, HufFcap red, Huff- 

 cap yellow, Hampton rough, Courel, Moorcroft, 

 Oldfield, (spec, grav., 1067) ; Squash, (spec, grav., 

 1060); Teinton, Squash new meadow, Stump- 

 fling, Wolfs, Holemore, (spec, grav., 1066) ; Long- 

 land, (spec, grav., 1063.) Of these the Barland, 

 Teinton, Squash, Oldfield, Longlaud, and Hole- 

 more, are most in repute in Herefordshire, Wor- 

 cestershire, and other perry-making districts. 



Pears suited to the north of Scotland. Those 

 marked • require a wall, unless the situation is 

 remarkably sheltered and warm. — Alexander 

 de Russe, Autumn Bergamot, Beurr6 d'Arem- 

 berg,BeurreDiel,*Beurr6 Ranee, *ChaumonteIle, 

 *D'Auch, Gilogil, Grey Doyenne, Hassel, *Jar- 

 gonelle, London Sugar, Marie Louise, Moorfowl 

 Egg, Madeleine, Poire Neil, Prince's pear. Passe 

 Colmar, Saint Germain, Swan's Egg, Summer 

 Bergamot, White Doyenne, Winter Nelis, Yat. 

 Auehan, Gratioli (of Jersey), "Althorp Crassane, 

 'Knight's Monarch. 



Pears for kitchen or stewing purposes, (not in- 

 cluded in our descriptive list, p. 461, recom- 

 mended by Mr Rivers). — Belle Angevine, ripe 

 in April, very large ; Black Pear of Worcester, 

 February, fine red when stewed ; Chaptel, April, 

 good bearer ; Ramilies, February, large, a great 

 bearer ; St Lezin, October, large and handsome ; 

 Summer Compote, August, an 'abundant bearer. 



Pears, many of which are of recent introduction, 

 (recommended by Mr Rivers, and not included 

 in our descriptive list, many of which we have in 

 cultivation, but as they have not as yet produced 

 fruit with us, we give them on Mr Rivers' autho- 

 rity). — Archduke Charles, large size, first qua- 

 lity, season November to December, productive, 

 standard; Bergamotte Bernard, medium size, 

 second quality, December to May, productive, 

 standard; Bergamotte Fievee, small size, first 

 quality, September, productive, standard ; 

 Beurre Golden, (Rivers), a very old variety of 

 the Doyenne family, very productive, standard ; 

 Beurrg de Beaumont, large size, first quality, Sep- 

 tember, veryproductive,Btandard;Beurrede Bor- 

 deaux, medium size, first quality, October, ve 



productive, standard; Beurre de Mortgeron, me- 

 dium size, first quality, September — like BeurrS 

 Rauce, but seems to do better on the quince 

 stock than that variety — very productive, stan- 

 dard ; Beurre de Noirohain, medium size, first 

 quality, April, very productive, standard ; Beurre 

 Moire, large size, first quality, October, very 

 productive, standard ; Beurrg Van Marum, large 

 size, first quality, November, productive, stan- 

 dard ; Bonne d'Etg, medium size, first quality, 

 November, productive, standard — this is given 

 as a synonym of the White Doyenne in the 

 " Fruit Catalogue of the Horticultural Society." 

 Mr Rivers says, in France this is a well-known 

 and distinct variety. Bonne des Zoes, me- 

 dium size, first quality, September, productive, 

 standard ; Caennais, medium size, first quality, 

 November, productive, standard; Captif de St 

 Hglene, small size, fii'st quality, December, very 

 productive, standard ; Delioe de la Cour, large 

 size, first quality, November, productive, stan- 

 dard ; De Lepine, medium size, first quality, 

 January, productive, standard ; Duchesse d'Or- 

 leans, large size, first quality, October, very pro- 

 ductive, standard ; Episcopal, medium size, first 

 quality. May to June, productive, standard ; 

 Inconnue (Van Mens), medium size, first quality, 

 February, very productive, standard; Miel de 

 Waterloo, large size, first quality, November, very 

 productive, standard ; St Marc, large size, first 

 quality, November, very productive, standard. 



Amongst the many new pears enumerated in 

 Mr Rivers' Catalogue for 1853-54, the following 

 winter varieties, adapted to quince stocks, de- 

 serve the attention of planters : Susette de 

 Bavay, in use from March to May ; Fondante 

 de Malines, January and February; Belle de 

 Noel, or Belle apres Noel, January; Alexander 

 Bivort, January ; Zephirin Gregoire, January to 

 March ; Duchesse de Mars, December and 

 January ; Soldat d'Esperen, December. 



The following distances may be given at 

 which pear trees should be planted, according 

 to the sort of stock employed and mode of 

 training adopted : viz., Standards on pear 

 stocks, 20 feet apart ; espaliers or walls trained 

 horizontally on the pear stock, 24 feet ; espaliers 

 or walls trained vertically on the quince stock, 

 4 to 6 feet ; espaliers or walls trained horizon- 

 tally on the quince stock, 15 feet; pyramidal 

 trained on quince stocks, and not root-pruned, 

 6 feet ; pyramidal trained on quince stocks, 

 root-pruned, 4 feet ; pyramidal trained on pear 

 stocks, not root -pruned, 10 feet; pyramidal 

 trained on pear stocks, root-pruned, 6 feet. 



Groising the finer varieties of the pear in pots. 

 — This appears to be a Russian practice, ren- 

 dered necessary on account of the deficiency of 

 climate to cultivate the best French and Belgian 

 varieties without the aid of glass covering dur- 

 ing the severity of their winters. They are, 

 therefore, kept in cool glass-houses during win- 

 ter, where they blossom and form their fi-uit; 

 and as soon as the Russian summer sets in, 

 which is so much more warmer than ours, the 

 trees are set out in the open air, where they 

 ripen to great perfection. This circumstance 

 appears to have led Mr Rivers to adopt pot cul- 

 ture and the construction of orchard-houses, 



