ROSAKY. 



753 



level; and we know it has flowered in gardens 

 equally elevated. We know of no instance of 

 its having suffered from cold during winter, and 

 are at present growing it in a large pot in rich 

 soil placed in front of a south wall, with a view 

 next spring to remove it to a warm greenhouse, 

 where it may enjoy a temperature somewhat 

 equivalent to that of Genoa, which may pro- 

 bably set the question of temperature at rest. 

 In regard to aspect, upon which much impor- 

 tance is placed by some, we may remark that, to 

 a query put in "The Gardeners' Chronicle," 1841, 

 the replies were as follow ; In ten cases suc- 

 cess is connected with an east aspect, in eight 

 with a north, in seven with a west, in six with 

 full exposure all round, and in only one case is 

 the south spoken of. And again, as regards 

 soil, the majority of cases of success occur in 

 light land, gravelly, sandy, loamy, and even 

 marly — in some instances in the stiffest land, 

 and in one case even in blue clay, and another 

 in strong, wet, undrained clay. Some, again, 

 grow it upon its own roots, others bud it on the 

 common Dog rose, and some on the Chinese. 

 In regard to latitude, it is reported as flowering 

 beautifully as far north as Ballater in Scotland, 

 and as far south as Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, 

 and tiie Isle of Wight. Mr W. Paul in refe- 

 rence to this matter observes, with all the zeal 

 of a rose amateur, " Could any system of culti- 

 vation be divulged, which, followed, would in- 

 sure a successful issue, I would consider pages 

 well occupied in doing so." 



BoursauU rose {Rosa alpina). — The alpine or 

 mountain rose of the south of France and the 

 Alps is the type from which this very distinct 

 family of roses sprung, the artificial originator 

 being the late M. Boursault of Paris. They are 

 remarkable for the abundance of their bloom, 

 and long, reddish, flexible shoots, and are well 

 adapted for training against walls even with bad 

 exposures, covering arbours, training to poles 

 or pillars, or on festoons formed by connecting 

 the tops of poles with slight iron chains. They 

 are quite hardy, and produce their flowers in 

 immense clusters, suitable for most ordinary 

 soils, and, when pruned, should be well thinned, 

 but slightly shortened at the points. 



Banksian rose {Rosa Banhsiana). — Natives of 

 China, and therefore, although remarkably fast- 

 growing plants, too tender to be treated as pole 

 or pillar roses. They require the protection of 

 a wall in most parts of England, and a south, or 

 east, or west one in Scotland. Like most Chi- 

 nese plants, they flower early, which renders this 

 protection necessary. They require a dry soil, 

 and do not prosper in a damp one; and in re- 

 gard to pruning, only the luxuriant shoots, or 

 those where they are too crowded, should be 

 removed, while the small and twiggy branches 

 should be retained for flowering. It is very 

 usual with them to send up a number of strong 

 watery shoots ; these, unless for filling up blanks 

 on the wall, should be removed early in autumn. 

 They are sufficiently hardy to withstand our 

 ordinary winters vdthout protection ; but in 

 cold and exposed places slight protection is ne- 

 cessary in spring, when the buds are forming 

 and expanding. They are well adapted for pot- 



culture, and may be grown in a small state to 

 great perfection in a low cool pit. Some addi- 

 tions have of late years been made to this sec- 

 tion, but their adaptation to our climate has not 

 as yet been fully recognised. 



Many-flowered -rose {Rosa multiflora). — The 

 original was introduced in 1804 from Japan by 

 the botanist and traveller Thunberg; since then 

 several varieties have originated in Italy, and 

 also in Britain. Rosa GrevilUi, or Seven sisters, 

 is an excellent representative of this family, the 

 whole of which are rather tender, and require 

 the protection of a wall of some sort or other 

 during winter. They also require little pruning. 

 In the south, Rosa Grevillei is very successfully 

 trained as a pillar-rose, being one of the strong- 

 est growers in the section ; but even these re- 

 quire to be planted in a dry soil, and often to 

 be protected during winter. Eusselliana is the 

 tenderest of the family, and is seldom seen in 

 perfection in Scotland. 



American prairie rose {Rosa ruhifolia). — This 

 is comparatively a new famUy of roses of Ame- 

 rican origin, where the single-fiowered ruhifolia 

 is found indigenous to the prairies, — seeds from 

 which produce semi-double and double flowers 

 in the second generation. They are sufficiently 

 hardy to stand our most severe winters, but 

 require a dry warm summer and a moderately 

 dry soil to flower in perfection with us. They 

 are vigorous growers, but require moderate 

 pruning. 



Hybrid climbing roses, — The origin of this 

 family is not known; they present traces of va- 

 rious sections. Laure, Davoust, and Russelliana 

 are hybrids of Multiflora. The Garland, or 

 Wood's garland, and Madame d'Arblay,are said 

 to be hybrids of the Musk rose. Sir John Se- 

 bright was raised from Italian seed by Mr 

 Rivers. 



Evergreen rose {Rosa sempernrens) is of Italian 

 origin. Most of the early varieties produced from 

 it were raised by M. Jacques at the Chateau de 

 Neuilly near Paris. They are amongst the most 

 valuable of all climbing roses, being quite hardy, 

 free growers, and thriving in most soils, pro- 

 ducing their blooms in clusters of from ten to 

 fifty flowers each. They require to be well 

 thinned out at pruning, leaving some of the 

 shoots at their whole length, which will flower 

 to their very points. These shoots, partially 

 shortened, will fill up the centre of the space 

 with flowers, which are produced rather later 

 than those on the imshortened shoots. They 

 are often budded on very high stems, and trained 

 in a pendulous manner, forming what are called 

 Weeping roses. 



Ayrshire rose (_Rosa arvensis). — The origin of 

 the Ayrshire rose is involved in mystery, some 

 believing it to have originated from Rosa ar- 

 rensis, one of the wild creeping roses of our 

 woods ; while others assert that it came from 

 foreign seed. The former opinion is, however, 

 the most feasible. They are all of rapid growth, 

 and admirably suited for planting in situations 

 where few others would live. Some of the finer 

 varieties, such as the Dundee Rambler, Ruga, 

 Thoresbyana, and Queen of the Belgians, are well 

 adapted for pillar roses, or for covering old 



