LAND VALUES 27 



given below are simply general averages which were attained with 

 reasonable care. Higher prices were, of course, secured if special 

 products were manufactured. 



Average Sale Values pee M 

 f.o.b. mill. 1914 



White pine $18.00 Beech $i6.oo 



Hemlock 17.00 Chestnut 19.00 



Spruce 18.00 Red oak 18.00 



Balsam 17.00 Hard maple 18.00 



Paper birch 17.00 Soft maple 17.00 



Yellow birch 17.00 Basswood i8.oo 



Black birch 17.00 White ash 20.00 



Cord wood sold for $3 for softwood and $4 to $6 for hardwood. 



To determine what stumpage price may be realized the costs 

 of logging and manufacture must be deducted from these sale 

 values. For the softwoods there should be a margin of $6 to 

 $10 in the lumber with the chance of getting an extra dollar or 

 two per M from the cordwood. With all the hardwoods, except 

 red oak, basswood and white ash, such high returns cannot be 

 expected, so that a margin of $4 to $7 for the lumber and an addi- 

 tional $1 per M from the cordwood is very satisfactory. Oak, 

 basswood and ash have special uses which enhance their stmnpage 

 values so that stimipage prices of fio per M are paid in the terri- 

 tory tributary to the special establishments which need these 

 species. 



Land Values. — Here again as with the spruce tjrpe the land 

 seldom has any value aside from what will be paid for the timber. 

 Most transactions have not specified any separate valuation for 

 the land but the transfers have simply been on the basis of stump- 

 age values. Hence in order to deterinine what the soil capacity 

 is for timber production sales of pasture land must be consulted. 

 Our Puritan forefathers in their hunger for land cleared up many 

 hillsides for pasture purposes out of the hardwood type. The 

 modern- tendency is to allow such clearings to reforest themselves 

 and holdings of this kind which are neither pasture or timberland 

 may be purchased for from $3 to $15 an acre, depending upon 

 their location. But these figures cannot be taken as representa- 



