GOUVEIA 139 



of the divisions of Monomotapa's kingdom, clearly 

 indicates one a portion of which is identifiable with 

 the Baru^ of the present day. 



In the constant dissensions and turmoils which 

 took place on the Zambezi, even as late as the early 

 eighties of the last century, this country, though 

 but little removed from the scene of their preoccu- 

 pations of that period, had not apparently to any 

 great extent attracted the attention of the Portu- 

 guese. It follows, therefore, that the Makombd 

 had not up to that time found his European neigh- 

 bours a source of any serious embarrassment to him ; 

 he appears, indeed, to have almost wholly escaped 

 their attention. But twenty years previously the 

 unfortunate ruler of the period had had another 

 trial to contend against. This was the adventurer 

 Gouveia — a half-cast Goanese, whose name for 

 many years was a terror to the whole of the wide 

 region of which he was the undisputed ruler, 

 stretching from the Zambezi to the highlands of 

 Manica, and from the Cheringoma Range westward 

 to the present Rhodesian border. This man, 

 Manoel Antonio de Sousa by name, established 

 himself in Gorongoza in 1868 or 1869, and there 

 built a strong aringa, or stockade, wherein he 

 gathered together a few people armed to withstand 

 the attacks of the Landins or Vatuas, who, as we 

 have seen, were still in the habit of collecting 

 tribute even from the settlement of Sena itself 

 Several times Gouveia (as the natives came in time 

 to call him) inflicted heavy defeats on these in- 

 vaders, and by this means so imposed his influence 

 upon the surrounding tribes as to elevate him- 



