HEAD, THROAT AND LUNGS 



frequently occurs in fowls that have never had roup. Some oases recover 

 spontaneously after the disease has run a few days, the swelling subsides, 

 a little gentle pressure below the eye wiU expel a lump of cheesy inatter, 

 and after this is removed the case recovers. In purulent cases, where there 

 is a considerable discharge of pus from the eye, keratitis, or inflammation 

 of the cornea, may result. This is an inflammation of the outer membrane 

 covering the pupil of the eye. If noticed early, a small white spot or ulcer 

 will be seen over the pupil. The lids may gum together, but in aU cases 

 the fowl keeps the eye closed, as exposure of the eye to the light is painful. 

 Sight may be lost as a result of the ulceration. All cases of eye trouble, 

 when under treatment, should be kept in darkened coops. 



Treatment 



For simple conjunctivitis, use fifteen drops of tincture of euphrasia 

 in each pint of drinking water, allowing the bird no other water. Cleanse 

 the eyes by bathing them with a mild antiseptic solution like dilute hydro- 

 gen dioxide, (one part hydrogen dioxide to two parts water) , or anoint the eye-lids 

 with a two per cent creolin ointment made with vaseline or lard. In puru- 

 lent cases give tincture of Pulsatilla, ten to fifteen drops in each pint of 

 drinking water, and use the ointment after bathing the parts. If there is 

 ulceration of the cornea (keratitis) bathe the eyes with cool water contain- 

 ing a little hydrogen dioxide and then anoint the inner part of the lid with 

 an ointment made of ten grains of fioely powdered iodoform in an ounce of 

 vaseline. The nostrils should be cleansed and the nose and cleft palate 

 dosed with the following powder; Equal parts pulverized camphor, boracic 

 aoid and sub-nitrate of bismuth, well mixed. If cases of eye trouble are 

 neglected and allowed to go without treatment the fowl may lose the use of 

 both eyes, as the disease has a tendency to attack the remaining eye after 

 destroying the sight of one. Feed easily digested, noifrishing food. 



CANKER 



Canker is an ulcerative catarrh of the mouth which occurs commonly 

 at all se^asons of the year, but is more often noticed among birds that are 

 kept in close confinement during the winter months. This ulcerative 

 inflammation may occur on any part of the mucous membrane of the mouth, 

 tongue or throat and is characterized by the presence of one or more yel- 

 lowish or cheesy patches on the mucous membrane. It sometimes attacks 

 the mucous membrane of the eyes or is noticed about the vent. It is slightly 

 contagious. 



The causes of this disease are not well known, however, it is probable 

 that it may be caused by any one of a number of microscopic germs, it being 

 a fact that any scratching or laceration of the mucous membrane is usually 

 followed by a cheesy or cankerous growth. Experiments have shown that 

 these growths are chiefly made up of pus germs, pus in a fowl usually takes 

 the form of a cheesy growth. Male birds after fighting almost invariably 

 have canker, as they frequently pick one another in the mouth. Thq dis- 

 ease is very common among fowls that have been working in musty or moldy 



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