RELIABLE POULTRY REMEDIES 



oil mixed with the mash will help nourish the fowl. For a tonic there is 

 nothing better than the arsenate of iron in pill form, 1-SO grain each, twice 

 a day. If the breathing is at all labored the use of the syrup of hydriodic 

 acid, five drops three times a day in mash, will do tnuch to relieve the con- 

 dition. 



The ravages of tuberculosis in the human family are too patent to 

 ignore its gravity in the lower creation, and the poultry fancier will best 

 consult his own interest in studiously avoiding breeding from or purchas- 

 ing birds of scrofulous or tuberculous taint and in the event of the disease 

 manifesting itself, to dispose of his stock, thoroughly disinfect his grounds, 

 and after a sufficient interval import fresh and pure blood. 



GAPES 



A PARASITIC DISEASE COMMON IN MANY SECTIONS 

 AND ONE THAT IS FATAL TO THOUSANDS OF SMALL 

 CHICKS ANNUALLY— WHAT THE DISEASE IS— MEANS 

 OF PREVENTION AND HOW TO CURE IT 



P. T WOODS, M. D. 



THE disease known as gapes has been prevalent among poultry in 

 this country for more than 100 years. Had the poultry raisers 

 of 100 years ago had the advantages now afforded modern poul- 

 tryinen, by the poultry press and government bulletins, for the 

 study of poultry diseases and the best means of treatment, the 

 disease might have been nearly, if not completely, stamped out by the ex- 

 ercise of proper sanitary measures and thorough use of reliable disinfect- 

 ants. 



Gapes is a parasitic disease caused by the presence of worms in the 

 windpipes of young chickens and fowls. The worm is called the Synga- 

 mus trachealis. On hasty examination, it appears to be a small, reddish, 

 forked worm, and is attached to the mucous lining of the windpipe by the 

 heads of both branches of the fork. In reality, the fork is made up of two 

 worms, the male and the female. The main branch and trunk, about half 

 an inch in length, the feraale worm; the lesser branch, about one-fifth of an 

 inch long and usually permanently attached to the female worm, is the 

 male. The worms attach themselves by the mouth to the lining of the 

 windpipe, and suck the blood of the chick. 



Gapes prove very troublesome in many parts of the country, and many 

 chickens die of it. Death may result from debility and loss of blood due 

 to the presence of the worms, or a large number of worms may cause in- 

 flammation and obstruction of the windpipe, and death from suffocation. 

 The disease is most dangerous to chicks from one to four weeks old. It 

 sometimes affects large chicks and has been found in adult fowls, but the 



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