6 MAMMALIA. [Cuar. I. 
as large as our English spaniel dogs, of a darkish grey 
colour, and black faces with great white beards round 
from ear to ear, which makes them show just like old 
men. This sort does but little mischief, keeping in the 
woods, eating only leaves and buds of trees, but when 
they are catched they will eat anything.”? 
Kwyox, whose experience during his long captivity was 
confined almost exclusively to the hill country around 
‘Kandy, spoke in al] probability of one large and com- 
paratively powerful species, Presbytes wrsinus, which 
inhabits the lofty forests, and which, as well as another 
of the same group, P. Thersites, was, till recently, un- 
known to European naturalists. The Singhalese word 
Ouandura has a generic sense, and being in every 
respect the equivalent for our own term of “monkey,” 
it necessarily comprehends the low country species, as 
well as those which inhabit other parts of the island. 
In point of fact, there are no less than four animals 
in the island, each of which is entitled to the name of 
“ wanderoo.”2 Each separate species has appropriated 
1 Knox, Historical Relation of 
Ceylon, an Island in the Kast In- 
dies—P. i. ch. vi. p. 25, Fol. 
Lond. 1681. See an account of his 
captivity in Sm J. Emerson Ten- 
nent’s Ceylon, ete, Vol. Il. p. 
66 n. 
2 Down to a very late period, a 
large and somewhat repulsive-look- 
ing monkey, common to the Mala- 
bar coast, the Silenus veter, Linn., 
was, from the circumstance of his 
possessing a “ great white beard,” 
incorrectly assumed to be the 
‘““wanderoo” of Ceylon, described 
by Knox; and under that usurped 
name it has figured in every author 
from Buffon to the present time. 
Specimens of the true Singhalese 
species were, however, received in 
Europe; but in the absence of in- 
formation in this country as to 
their actual habitat, they were de- 
scribed, first by Zimmerman, on 
the continent, under the name of 
Leucoprymnus cephalopterus, and 
subsequently by Mr. E. Bennett, 
under that of Semnopithecus Nestor 
(Proe. Zool. Soc. pt. i. p. 67: 1833); 
the generic and specific characters 
being on this occasion most care- 
fully pointed out by that eminent 
naturalist. Eleven years later Dr. 
Templeton forwarded to the Zoo- 
logical Society a description, ac- 
companied by drawings, of the 
wanderoo of the western maritime 
districts of Ceylon, and noticed 
the fact that the wanderoo of au- 
thors (S. veter) was not to be found 
