Cuar. VIL] THE ELEPHANT. 223 
Home, from an examination of the muscular fibres in 
the drum of an elephant’s ear, came to the conclusion, 
that notwithstanding the distinctness and power of his 
perception of sounds at a greater distance than other 
animals, he was insensible to their harmonious modula- 
tion and destitute of a musical ear.! But Professor 
Harrison, in a paper read before the Royal Irish 
Academy in 1847, has stated that on a careful examina- 
tion of the head of an elephant which he had dissected, 
he could “see no evidence of the muscular structure of 
the membrana tympani so accurately described by Sir 
E. Homn.” Sir Everarn’s deduction, I may observe, 
is clearly inconsistent with the fact that the power of 
two elephants may be combined by singing to them a 
measured chant, somewhat resembling a sailor’s capstan 
song; and in labour of a particular kind, such as hauling 
a stone with ropes, they will thus move conjointly a 
weight to which their divided strength would be un- 
equal.? 
drivers of camels in Turkey, Pales- 
tine, and Egypt encourage them to 
speed by shouting ar-ré! ar-ré! 
The Arabs in Algeria cry eirich! 
to their mules. The Moors seem 
to have carried the custom with 
them into Spain, where mules are 
still driven with cries of arré 
(whence the muleteers derive their 
Spanish appellation of “ arrieros”’). 
In France the Sportsman excites 
the hound by shouts of hare! hare! 
and the waggoner there turns his 
horses by his voice, and the use of 
the word hurhaut! In the North, 
“ Hurs was a word used by the old 
Germans in urging their horses to 
speed ;” and to the present day, 
the herdsmen in Ireland, and parts 
of Scotland, drive their pigs with 
shouts of hurrish! a sound closely 
resembling that used by the ma- 
houts in Ceylon. 
1 On the Difference between the 
Human Membrana Tympani and 
that of the Elephant. By Sir Evz- 
RarD Home, Bart., Philos. Trans., 
1823. '‘ Paper by Prof. Harrisoy,- 
Proc. Royal Irish Academy, vol. iti. 
p. 386. 
2 IT have already noticed the 
striking effect produced on the 
captive elephants in the corral, by 
the harmonious notes of an ivo: 
flute; and onlooking to the graphic 
description which is given by 
Aiuran of the exploits which he 
witnessed as performed by the 
elephants exhibited at Rome, it is 
remarkable how very large a share 
