436 INSECTS. (Cuar. XII. 
same considerations which restrained those of the Nile 
under the successors of Cambyses. 
The Coffee-Bug.—Allusion has been made in a previous 
passage to the coccus known in Ceylon as the “ Coffee- 
Bug (Lecanium Caffe, Wlk.), which of late years has 
made such destructive ravages in the plantations in the 
Mountain Zone.! The first thing that attracts attention 
on looking at a coffee tree infested by it, is the number 
of brownish wart-like bodies that stud the young shoots 
and occasionally the margins on the underside of the 
leaves.? Each of these warts or scales is a transformed 
female, containing a large number of eggs which are 
hatched within it. 
When the young ones come out from their nest, they 
run about over the plant like diminutive wood-lice, 
and at this period there is no apparent distinction be- 
tween male and female. Shortly after being hatched 
the males seek the underside of the leaves, while the 
females prefer the young shoots as a place of abode. If 
the under surface of a leaf be examined, it will be found 
to be studded, particularly on its basil half, with minute 
yellowish-white specks of an oblong form.? These are 
the larve of the males undergoing transformation into 
pup, beneath their own skins; some of these specks 
are always in a more advanced state than the others, 
the full-grown ones being whitish and scarcely a line 
1 The following notice of the 
“ coffee-bug,” and of the singularly 
destructive effects produced by it. 
on the plants, has been prepared 
chiefly from a memoir presented to 
the Ceylon Government by the 
late Dr. Gardner, in which he 
traces the history of the insect 
from its first appearance in the 
coffee districts, until it had estab- 
lished itself more or less perma- 
nently in all the estates in full 
cultivation throughout the island. 
? See the annexed drawing, Fig. 1. 
% Figs. 2, and 3 and 6 in the 
engraving, where these and all the 
other figures are considerably en- 
larged. 
