The Salmon and Trout 



lary rather thin and small, reaching beyond eye; teeth all quite 

 small, most of them freely movable; vomer with about 6 weak 

 teeth which grow larger in spawning males; preopercle very wide 

 and convex; opercle very short, not strongly convex; preopercle 

 more free behind than in the chinook salmon; ventral scale 

 about Y length of fin; caudal fm narrow, widely forked; anal fin 

 long and low; dorsal low; flesh deep red; males becoming extra- 

 vagantly hook-jawed in the fall, the snout being then much pro- 

 longed and much raised above the level of rest of head, the lower 

 jaw produced to meet it. Colour, clear bright blue above; side 

 silvery, this overlapping the blue of the back; lower fins pale, 

 the upper dusky; no spots anywhere on adults in spring; the 

 young with obscure black spots above. Colour of breeding 

 male, dark blood red on back and sides, with dark edges to 

 some of the scales; middle of side darker red, but unevenly so, 

 usually darkest at middle of body; under parts dirty white, with 

 numerous fme dark dustings; entire head light olive, tip of nose 

 and sides of jaws dark; under part of lower jaw white; dorsal 

 fm pale red, anal darker red; adipose fin red; ventrals and pec- 

 torals smoky, somewhat red at base. Colour of breeding female, 

 essentially the same, but rather darker on the sides. 



The small form of redflsh is a rich metallic blue on the 

 back, becoming silvery on the lower sides and under parts; 

 back with a few small black spots. During the breeding season 

 it becomes a dirty red, brightest on the middle of the sides; 

 under parts dirty white; top and sides of head dark greenish olive; 

 snout black; lower jaw white, black at tip; dorsal pale red; anal 

 dirty red; other fins dark smoky. The female is darker than the 

 male and not greatly different in colour from the black-speckled 

 trout. 



GENUS SALMO (ART EDI) LINNAEUS 



The Salmon and Trout 



Body elongate, somewhat compressed; mouth large; jaws, 

 palatines, and tongue toothed, as in related genera; vomer flat, 

 its shaft not depressed, a few teeth on the chevron behind which 

 is a somewhat irregular single or double series of teeth, which in 

 the migratory species are usually deciduous with age; scales large 

 or small, loo to 200 in a longitudinal series; dorsal and anal fins 

 short, usually with 10 to 12 rays each; caudal fin truncate, emar- 

 ginate or forked, its peduncle comparatively stout; sexual pecu- 

 liarities variously developed, the males in typical species with the 



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